←
shd (e/a) vb. to testify
GDCGtDtCt
Gpəˁalto testify1 sense▶
to testify
Common Aramaic
AphDem10.200:3↗ ܐܝܟ ܕܗ݂ܘ ܣܗܕ ܘܐܡ݂ܪ‏ ; P Jn1:15↗ ܣܗܸܕ݂ ܥܠܲܘܗܼܝ‏ ; BT BB 43b(10)↗ דלא ליתי שמעון ולסהוד ליה ללוי‏ : NN should not come and testify for NN2 ; JohnBook 196:6↗ anin shidnin bdilkun usgidnin ušabankun mn riš briš : we testified in your favor (i.e.: believed in you) and worshipped and praised you completely
(1)
to testify about someone
JLAtg
TgJ Jer18:18↗ וְנִסהֲדִנֵיה סָהִדוָון דִשקַר‏ : let us give false testimonies against him
(2)
w. l_, ˁl : to testify for, give evidence of
PAT1415:1.2↗ wˁl hnn shd lh ˀlhˀ : God testified for him about these matters ; SamLit 2:059↗ כהלון סהדין לך‏ ; OS JnCur5:39↗ ܘܗܢܘܢ ܟܬ̈ܒܐ ܥܠܝ ܗܘ ܣܗܕܝܢ‏
(3)
w. b_, ˁl : to testify against
TgJ Is44:9↗ וְסָהְדִין אִינוּן בְנַפשָתְהוֹן‏ : they testify against themselves ; P 2S1:16↗ ܦܘܡܟ ܣܗܕ ܒܟ‏ ; PJ Num35:30↗ וסהיד חד לא יסהד בבר נש לממת‏ : a single witness may not testify against a person for putting to death ; TgJob15:6↗ וספוותך יסהדון בך‏
(1)
(in favor!)
LJLA
PJ Gen30:33↗ ותסהד בי זכוותי‏
(4)
said of God in an oath
Syr
P 1S20:12↗ ܢܣܗܕ ܡܪܝܐ ܂܂܂ ܐܠܐ ܐܒܕܩܝܘܗܝ ܠܐܒܝ ܂܂܂ ܘܗܝ ܕܝܢ ܐܫܠܘܚ ܠܟ ܘܐܓܠܐ ܠܟ‏ : may my Lord bear witness that I surely will examine my father and then send word to you and let you know
Dpaˁˁelto testify3 senses▶
1
to testify
Syr, Man
P Gn43:3↗ ܡܣ݁ܗܕܘ ܣ݁ܗܕ ܒܢ‏ ; P Je49:19↗ ܡܢ݂ܘ ܢܣ݁ܗܕܢܝ‏ : who will testify for/against(?) me?
(1)
to announce publicly
Man
GY 15:20↗ kul man ḏiahib zidqa umsahid mikpar minẖ ulamihšiblẖ : anyone who gives charity and announces it, it is wiped from him and not accounted to him
2
to call to witness
Syr
JulSok 97(45):15↗ ܗܐ ܩ݁ܕܡܢ ܣܗܕܢܟ‏ : now we have previously made you a witness ; P Dt4:26↗ ܣ݁ܗܕܬ ܒܟܘܢ‏ ; P Acts2:40↗ ܡܣܲܗܸܕ݂ ܗܼܘܵܐ ܠܗܘ݂ܢ܂ ܘܒ݂ܵܥܸܐ ܗܼܘܵܐ ܡܸܢܗܘ݂ܢ‏
3
to admonish, caution
Syr
JulSok 97(45):12↗ ܗܐ ܩܕܡ݂ܬ ܣܗܕܬܟܘܢ‏ : I have here and now warned you in advance
Cˀafˁelto testify, bear witness3 senses▶
1
to testify, bear witness
JLAtg, Gal, PTA, CPA, Sam, Syr, JBA, LJLA
TgJ Mal2:14↗ עַל דַיוי אַסהֵיד בֵינָך וֻבֵין אִיתַת יָנְקוּתָך‏ : because the Lord has testified between you and the wife of your youth ; VR 128:2(1)↗ אתי את מסהיד לי הדה סהדותא‏ ; GT E Gen30:33↗ ויסהדן בי זכוותי יומה הדין‏ : my meritorious acts today will bear witness on my behalf ; CPA(le97) Rom 10:2↗ ܡܣܝܕ ܐܢܐ ܓܪ̈ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ‏ : I bear witness concerning them ; LG 7:1(1)↗ ܠܵܐ ܬܲܣܗܸܕ ܣܵܗܕܽܘܬܵܐ ܕܫܽܘܩܪܵܐ‏ : do not give false testimony ; P Mt23:31↗ ܡܲܣܗܕ݂ܼܝܢ ܐܢܼܬ݁ܘ݂ܢ ܥܲܠ ܢܲܦ݂ܫܟ݂ܘ݂ܢ‏ : you give evidence against yourselves ; BT Ket 21a(16)↗ דלא צריך איהו לאסהודיה אחתימות ידיה‏ : that he is not required to bear witness to his signature ; PJ Ex20:16↗ מסהדין סהדי שיקרא‏ : those who give false testimony
(1)
to affirm publicly
Sam, JBA
Marqe 1.32↗ מסיד לה דו פרוק עבראי וקטול כל מצראי‏ : proclaiming to him that he is the savior of the Hebrews and the killer of all the Egyptians
(1)
ܥܠ : to attest against, ascribe against
Syr
TB 1:21.10↗ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܡܣܗܕ ܗ݀ܢܝܢ ܡܝܬܪ̈ܬܐ܂ ܘܛܒ̈ܬܐ ܥܠ ܗ݀ܢܘܢ ܝ̈ܠܕܝܗ݀ ܕܒܝܫܬܐ‏ : how he ascribes those excellent and good things to those children of the Evil ; P Sirach 46:19↗ ܘܟܠܒܣܪ ܠܐ ܐܣܗܕ ܥܠܘܗܝ‏ : no one testified against him
2
to suffer martyrdom
Syr
ChronEdess 6:30↗ ܐܣܗܕ ܛܘܒܢܐ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܡܦܣܩܐ‏ : saint James the cut up one was martyred
3
w. b_ or d.o. : to warn
JLAtg, Gal, PTA, Sam, Syr, LJLA
TgO Gen43:3↗ אַסהָדָא אַסהֵיד בַנָא גַברָא‏ : the man absolutely warned us ; VR 554:4(1)↗ אזיל ואסהיד בבני קרתא‏ : I will go and warn the townspeople ; TN Gen43:3↗ הא מסהד׳ אסהד בן גברא‏ ; TN Ex19:21 ↗ חות אסהיד בעמא דלא ידחקון קדם ייי‏ : go down and warn the people not to rush toward the Lord ; JulSok 43(18):16↗ ܕܠܘ ܕܐܩܛܠܟ ܦܩܝܕܢܐ܂ ܐܠܐ ܡܣܗܕܘ ܦܩܝܕ ܐܢܐ ܕܐܣܗܕܟ݂‏ : for I have not been commanded to kill you, but have been commanded merely to warn you ; TgIIChron 24:19↗ ואסהידו בהון ולא אציתו‏ : they warned them but they did not listen
(1)
מסיד : warning
Sam
SamTgJ Ex9:5↗ ושבה יהוה מסיד‏ : the Lord gave a warning
Gtˀeṯpəˁelto be established by testimony4 senses▶
1
to be established by testimony
Syr
Ath 42:27 ܡܢ ܩܝܦܐ ܐܣܬܗܕ ܥܠ ܦܪܘܩܢ‏ : that against our savior was testified to by PN
2
to be interrogated by testimony
Syr
SpSol4 218:14 ܡܫ̈ܡܫܢܐ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܗܢ݁ܘܢ ܕܡܬܬܣܪܚܝܢ܂ ܒܗ݀ ܒܫܥܬܐ ܕܡܬܬܣܪܚܢܘܬܐ ܐܢ ܐܣܬܗܕܘ̈ ܘܐܡܪܘ ܕܡܛܝܒܝܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܕܢܙܕܘܓܘܢ‏ : all those ministers who are going to be ordained, at the time of ordination candidacy testified and said that they are ready to be married
3
to be made a witness
Syr
Rechtsb3 64:9 ܠܐ ܦܫܝܩܐ ܕܒܟܠ ܙܒܢ ܢܣܬܗܕܘܢ ܥܠܝܗ݀ ܣܗ̈ܕܐ‏ : it is not always easy for witnesses to be found to testify against her
(1)
of the evidence that serves as a witness against someone (?)
LJLA
TgRuth1:21↗ ומן קדם ייי אסתהיד בי חובתי‏ : [as an attempt to gloss the difficult MT :וַיהוָה עָנָה בִי וְשַׁדַּי הֵרַע לִי]
4
(testimony) to be given as testimony
Man
Dtˀeṯpaˁˁalto suffer martyrdom2 senses▶
1
to suffer martyrdom
CPA, Syr
2
(testimony) to be given as testimony
Man
Ctˀettafˁalto be given testimony or warning about1 sense▶
to be given testimony or warning about
JLAtg, Sam, LJLA
TgO Ex21:29↗ וְאִתַסהַד בְמָרֵיה וְלָא נַטרֵיה‏ : its owner was warned about it but did not guard it ; PJ Ex21:29↗ ואיתסהד על אנפי מריה תלתי זימניה‏ : testimony was given about it 3 times in its owner's presence
§▶
OfA, Palm śhd; CPA afel regularly formed as if from the root swd, i.e, ܐܣܝܕ, etc.
☛▶
🔍▶
✎▶
Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 973[461]DJPA: 570aDJBA: 790aJastrow: 959Drower/Macuch: 319bJ. Payne-Smith: 362Levy Ch-W: 2:148Tal Sam: 570DNWSI: 1112DCPA[Schulthess]: 281[132]

© The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon ©
Wed, 11 Nov 2026 03:10:36 -0500