Torrey, C.C., "The Semitic Inscriptions," in , The Excavations at Dura-Europos, Preliminary Report of Third Season. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1932. Pp. 68–71, photo p. 69. OS Dura

du Mesnil du Buisson, Robert comte, "L’étendard d’Atargatis et Hadad à Doura-Europos ou la déesse Sèmia." Revue des Arts Asiatiques 11 (1937): 75–87. Dura sm)#2 N

Dirven, Lucinda, The Palmyrenes of Dura-Europos: A Study of Religious Interaction in Roman Syria. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World 138. Leiden-Boston-Köln: Brill, 1999. Palm Dura

Bertolino, R., "I corporadelle iscrizioni semitiche di Hatra, Palmira e Dura-Europus: un bilancio." Vicino Oriente 12 (2000): 261–68. Hatran Palm Dura

Grassi, G.F., "L’onomastica di Dura-Europos: alcune considerazione d'insieme." KASKAL 4 (2007): 267–295. Onomastics Dura

Kaizer, T., "Religion and Language in Dura-Europos," in , From Hellenism to Islam : cultural and linguistic change in the Roman Near East, . Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 2009. Pp. 235-54. Dura

Healey, John F., "Aramaean Heritage," in Niehr, H., The Aramaeans in Ancient Syria, . Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2014. Pp. 391-401. Syriac Hatran Palm Nabataean Dura