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lm (lam) adv. enclitic particle marking direct speech
1
enclitic particle marking direct speech or part of a quotation
OfAEg-inf, OfAEg, Syr
TAD D7.20 8↗ הלו שלחת לך אתמל בשם הודויה בר זכריה לם‏ : look yesterday I sent you in the name of PN as follows ; TAD B3.1 R.11↗ ולא אכל אמר לך ^לם^ שלמתך בכספך ומרביתה וספרא זנה בידך‏ : I shall not be able to say to you: I have paid you your money and its interest as long as you have this document ; AphDiatess1990 6:14↗ ܘܒܕܩ ܠܢ ܥܠ ܣܟܗ݀܂ ܒܗ݀ܝ ܕܥܕܡܐ ܠܡ‏ : he showed us its termination by [quote:] 'until' ; IITh2:2↗ ܕ݁ܗܵܐ ܠܲܡ ܡܲܛܼܝ ܝܲܘܡܸܗ ܕ݁ܡܵܪܲܢ‏ ; JSBhom 61:535↗ ܐܸܬܕܲܡܲܘ ܒܼܝ ܐܲܟܡܐ ܕܸܐܢܐ ܒܲܡܫܼܝܚܐ ܠܲܡ‏ : "be like me as I am like Christ"
(1)
as follows
Syr
PhiloxMonks2 75:12↗ ܟܬ̈ܒܐ ܠܡ ܡܠܦܝܢ ܠܝ܃ ܕܐܚܪܢܐ ܡܠܬܐ݂ ܘܐܚܪܢܐ ܡܫܝܚܐ‏ : the scripture teach me as follows: that the Logos is one thing and the messiah another
2
enclitic emphasizing particle, distancing the content from the authorial point of view
OfAEg, Syr, JBAg
IshIsa 8:10↗ ܨܡܕܐ܂ ܡܐܢܐ ܗܘ ܕܟܬܢܐ ܕܒܗ ܟܪܟܝܢ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܡܐܢ̈ܐ ܕܠܐ ܢܣܛܐܘܢ܂ ܐܘ ܣܒܛܐ ܠܡ‏ : the word "bond" (Isaiah 3:23) is a linen garment in which are encircled all the garments so they do not move out of place, or, as is said, a basket ; PhiloxMonks2 33:6↗ ܐܦ ܡܢܗ ܠܡ ܕܡܘܫܐ ܦܪܘܩܐ ܪܒܐ‏ : [He is greater] even, as they said, than Moses the great savior ; Geon 257:21 ולא הוה הויא לם איבה‏ : there would by no means have been any "hatred"
3
in poetry as a helpful syllable metris causae
Syr
MB 15:191 ܕܵܠ ܒܬܪܥ݂ܝܬܗܘܢ ܚܕ ܚܘܫܒܐ ܠܡ ܫܦܝܪܐ‏ : one truly beautiful thought entered their mind
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✎▶
This particle alternates with lˀmr in OfA, thus showing that it is a colloquial shortening of the latter. See bibliography in DNWSI.
Some Syriac writers/translators, in quoting earlier writers, use the particle only in meaning 2 while citing direct citations without it, as in the cited example. The point being that the particle marks a different authorial point of view.
In poetry, the particle, normally "enclitic" after the first sense unit, can come elsewhere in the quote, when metrical considerations require it to be so, even at the very end of an extended quotation.
Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 691[367]DJBA: 630aPayne-Smith: 1951J. Payne-Smith: 242DNWSI: 578DISO: 138

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Fri, 06 Nov 2026 05:33:12 -0500