←
qšy vb. to be difficult
GDCGtDt
Gpəˁalto be difficult3 senses▶
1
to be difficult
JLAtg, Gal, PTA, Sam, Syr, JBA, LJLA
TgO Deut1:17↗ וֻפִתגָמָא דְיִקשֵי מִנְכוֹן תְקָרְבוּן לְוָתִי‏ : a matter that is too difficult for you you should bring to me ; PTBes 60.b:54[2]↗ כמה דצרכת לרבנן קדמאיי וקשת בידיהון כן צרכת לרבנן אחריי{^א^} וקשת בידיהון‏ : just as it was in doubt to the earlier Rabbis and remained difficult for them, so was it in doubt for the latter Rabbis and remained difficult for them ; GT EE Gen17:11?↗ text not cited ; TN Deut1:17↗ ופתגמה די יקשי מינכון‏ ; SamTgJ Ex(9)18:25↗ וממללה אד יקשה מנכון תקרבון לידי‏ : you should bring me the matter that is too difficult for you ; JS_Elisha 120:204↗ ܘܠܵܐ ܝܵܕܲܥ ܗܼܘܵܐ ܕܲܩܫܸܐ ܗܼܘ ܡܸܢܸܗ‏ : he did not know it was too difficult for him ; BT BQ 66b(27)↗ הא מ^י^לתא קשאי בי רבה לרב יוסף תרתין ועשרין שנין ולא אשתנאי‏ : this matter was difficult for PN for twenty-two years in the school of PN2 and was not clarified ; PJ Deut15:18↗ לא יקשי בעינך במפטרך יתיה לבר חורין‏ : if it should be difficult in your eyes when you set him free
(1)
to contradict
JBA
BT Šab 146a(27)↗ מתניתין קשתיה‏ : our mishnah contradicts him (lit.: is difficult for him) ; BT Pes 72a(48)↗ ולטעמיך תקשי לך רישה אסופה‏ : according to your reasoning its initial clause would contradict its final clause ; BT Naz 42b(17)↗ אל׳ קשיין אהדדי‏ : but they contradict each other
2
to have difficulties
OfAEg, CPA, Sam, LJLA
TAD C1.1(Ahiqar) .140↗ מן ביתי נפקת חמתי̇ עם מן אקשה ואעפה‏ : wrathfulness has come out of my own household; with whom can I deal forcefully? ; PJ Gen35:16↗ וילידת רחל וקשיית במילדה‏ : Rachel gave birth but had difficulties with her birthing
3
to be harsh, stern
Syr
LG 4:3(1)↗ ܒܡܲܪܬܝܵܢܘ݂ܬܵܐ ܗܵܝ ܕܒܲܝܢܲܟ ܘܠܸܗ ܬܸܩܫܸܐ ܥܲܠ ܐܼܢܵܫ‏ : do not be harsh on a person with the admonition between you and him
(1)
to become hardened
Syr
SyrAhiq 5 389:9↗ ܘܕܩܢܐ ܕܝܠܝ ܢܚܬ ܥܠ ܚܕܝܝ ܘܛܦܪ̈ܝ ܩܫܘ ܐܝܟ ܛܦܪ̈ܐ ܕܢܫܪ̈ܐ‏ : my beard came down to my chest and my nails grew hard (or: grew old < qšš?) like vultures’ claws
Dpaˁˁelto harden5 senses▶
1
to harden
Syr
P Ex7:3↗ ܐܩ݁ܫܐ ܠܒܗ ܕܦܪܥܘܢ‏ ; Rom9:18↗ ܥܲܠ ܡܲܢ ܕ݁ܨܵܒ݂ܸܐ ܡܩܲܫܸܐ‏
2
to treat hard
Syr
MiS 701a:5 text not cited ; Addai.23.1↗ ܕܩ݁ܫܝܘ ܗܘܘ ܪܥܝܢܗܘܢ ܡܢ ܕܚܠܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ‏
(1)
to dispute
Gal, JBA
PTBer 3.b:8[2]↗ קשייתה קומוי ר׳ יוסה‏ : I disputed it before PN ; PTBer 5.a:64[2]↗ אמ׳ ר׳ מנא קשייתה קומי ר׳ פינחס‏ ; PTShvi 35.b:8[2]↗ כאינש דשמע מילה ומקשי עלה‏ : like a person who hears something and disputes it
3
to do with great difficulty
JLAtg
TgO Gen35:17↗ וַהֲוָה בְקַשָיוּתַה בְמֵילְדַה‏ : then when she was having difficulty giving birth
4
to make heavy
CPA
5
(gram.) to write with or have quššāyā
Syr
BhGr 206:23 ܡܚܠܦܝܢ ܓܝܪ ܒܝܬ ܕܡܩܫܝܐ݂ ܒܦܐ ܡܩܫܝܬܐ‏ : they exchange beth that is hardened with hardened peh
Cˀafˁelto make hard, to harden3 senses▶
1
to make hard, to harden
Qumran, JLAtg, Sam, Syr, LJLA
4Q537 9:2↗ ٠٠٠ א]נתון ת̇הוון ממרין ומקשין לקובלה‏ : you will become embittered and hardened against him ; TgO Ex7:3↗ וַאְנָא אַקשֵי יָת לִיבָא דְפַרעֹה‏ ; SamTgJ Ex7:3↗ ואנא אקשה ית לב פרעה‏ ; P 1K(1)12:4↗ ܐܒܘܟ ܐܩܫܝ ܢܝܪܢ‏ : your father made our yoke hard ; PJ Deut10:16↗ וקדלכון לא תקשון תוב‏ : you will not harden your neck again
(1)
ܒܐܘܼܠܨ̈ܵܢܸܐ : to afflict
Syr
IA1 166:v1933 text not cited
(2)
to fasten, tighten
CPA
2
to behave harshly or brazenly
Syr, JBA
BT Bek 9a(4)↗ אקשו לאפי מלכא‏ : they acted brazenly towards the king
3
to make difficult
JLAtg
TgJ 2K2:10↗ אַקשִיתָא לְמִשאַל‏ : you have asked a difficult thing
(1)
to dispute, to raise an objection
JBA, LJLA
BT MQ 5a(54)↗ ר׳ ינאי הוה ליה ההוא תלמידא דכולה שתא הוה מקשי ליה‏ : PN had a student who was always disputing with him ; TgJob9:4↗ מאן אקשי לותיה ואשלים‏ : who argued with him and was successful?
Gtˀeṯpəˁelto have difficulties2 senses▶
1
to have difficulties
Sam
2
to be stubborn
Sam
Dtˀeṯpaˁˁalto harden oneself4 senses▶
1
to harden oneself
Syr
P Acts19:9↗ ܐܼܢܵܫܼܝܢ̈ ܡܸܢܗܘ݂ܢ ܡܸܬ݂ܩܲܫܸܝܢ ܗܼܘܲܘ‏ : some of them were hardening themselves
(1)
to become vehement
Syr
Am4 389:3↗ ܟܕ ܪܕܝܢ ܒܝܡܐ܃ ܐܬܩܲܫܝ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܟܝܡܘܢܐ ܛܒ‏ : when they were traveling by sea, a very strong storm came upon them ; LG 29:11(1)↗ ܡܸܬܩܲܫܵܝܽܘ ܡܸܬܩܲܫܸܐ ܘܚܵܛܸܐ‏
2
to be hardened
Syr
BHBS.M Min 1.1.3.5 ܒܢܝܵܕܐ ܥܫܝܢܐ܂ ܡܬܩܲܫܝܢ ܓܘ̈ܫܡܐ ܕܥܠܝܗ݀ ܡܫܬܟܚܝܢ‏ : during a strong earthquake the substances present upon it are hardened ; P Ex9:7↗ ܘܐܬ݁ܩܫܝ ܠܒܗ ܕܦܪܥܘܢ ܘܠܐ ܫܕܪܗ ܠܥܡܐ‏ : Pharaoh's heart was hardened and he did not release the people
(1)
to be frozen
Syr
Bhchr 343:16↗ ܘܐܬܩܲܫܝܘ ܢܗܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܘܡܥܝ̈ܢܐ‏ : the rivers and springs froze over
(2)
to become tumescent
JBA
BT Zev 116b(1)↗ דאפילו אקשויי נמי לא איקשו‏ : they were also not even able to get hard at all
3
to become heavy
CPA
4
to be in difficulty
(1)
to travail in giving birth
PTA
STM Ps. 19 MTKG81 מתק̊שיא למ{ו}<י>לד‏ ; TN Gen35:17↗ אתקשיית במילדה‏
(2)
to be asked a difficult question
Gal, JBA
PTŠeq 49.d:54[2]↗ איתקשיית קומי ר׳ פינחס‏
(3)
to be too difficult for, to trouble
Syr, LJLA
Sind 3:2 ܘܐܬܩܲܫܝ ܫܪܒܗ ܕܛܠܝܐ ܥܠ ܡܲܠܟܐ‏ : the matter of the boy upset the king ; PJ Lev24:12↗ ולא יבהתון למישאלא דינא דמתקשי להון‏ : they should not be ashamed to seek the verdict that is too difficult for them
(1)
to dispute
Gal
PRK345.4↗ עד אינון יתיבין מתקשין עבר כהנא‏ : while they were sitting disputing, PN passed by
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Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 1418[703]DJPA: 508bDJBA: 1048bJastrow: 1430Drower/Macuch: 416bPayne-Smith: 3767J. Payne-Smith: 522Levy Ch-W: 2:393Tal Sam: 805DNWSI: 1038DCPA[Schulthess]: 385[186]Qumran: 214

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Wed, 11 Nov 2026 16:38:05 -0500