←
qdm (qḏam, qaḏmā) adj. first
1
first, earliest
OAMesop, OfAEg-inf, Qumran, Syr
Fakh.15↗ dmwtˀ | zˀt | ˁbd | ˀl | zy | qdm | hwtr : : he made this statue and improved it over the earlier one ; TAD D7.8 4↗ עמרא זילה קדמא מתמרט בכבא‏ : its early wool is being torn by the thorns ; ITim1:16↗ ܕ݁ܒ݂ܼܝ ܩܲܕ݂ܡܵܐ‏ : so that in me, the foremost one ; CTLevi ar a B.22↗ שור יהודה קדמא̇‏ : Judah jump up the first(?)/in front(?)
2
as a substantive:
(1)
antiquity
JLAtg, Sam
TgJ 2K19:25↗ וְדָא חָזיָא קְֹדָמַי מִיוֹמֵי קְדַם לְמַעְבַד לָך‏ : this would have been right for me to do to you from of old ; Amram Dare #17:8↗ מן פמה דאלהי קדם‏
(2)
front part
Gal, Syr
SYAP 44[1]:30↗ סופך יהוי טב מן קדמך דהווה טב‏ : may your end be better than your beginning, which was good †
(3)
ܒܩܲܕܡܵܐ : at first
Syr
AphDiatess1990 8:29↗ ܡܕܢܚܐ ܗܘ܂ ܗܟܝܠ ܣܓܕܬ ܠܗ ܠܡܫܝܚܐ ܒܩܕܡܐ‏ : now it was the East that worshiped the Messiah at first ; IIMac12:36↗ ܘܝܗܒ ܗܘ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܒܩܕܡܐ‏ : [but emend to ܒܩܪܒܐ, LXX: τοῦ πολέμου]
(1)
ܒܩܕܡܐ ܕܝܠ : in the presence of, in front of
Syr
P.Euphr. 6-7:27↗ ܘܙܒܢܬ ܒܩܕܡܐ ܕܝܠܝ ܠܐܒܫܠܡܐ ܠܘܪܘܕ ܒܪ ܢܫܪܝܗܒ‏ : who sold PN1 to PN2 in my presence
(2)
מן יומי קדם : previously, some time ago
Gal
JMP 13.1.R(4)↗ שבק ית סרוה] ברת מבורך מן יומי קדם‏ : he had divorced PN1 daughter of PN2 some time ago
3
as an adverb : previously (?), at first (?), eastward (?)
OA
TDanStel 4↗ wyˁl mlk y[š]rˀl | qdm | bˀrq | ˀby : then the king of Israel went up into my father's land eastward(?) [or: the King of Israel went up first, i.e. initiated the conflict] †
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Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 1318[646]DJPA: 843Jastrow: 1324J. Payne-Smith: 490Levy Ch-W: 2:345

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Fri, 06 Nov 2026 04:39:05 -0500