←
qdm (e/a [a/u]) vb. to come before
GDCGtDtCt
Gpəˁalto come before in time, precede3 senses▶
1
to come before in time, precede
Common Aramaic
TgJ 2Sam18:23↗ קדֵים יָת כוּשִי‏ : he arrived before PN ; MetTheoSyc 351:b.13↗ ܩܕܡ ܂܂܂ ܒܪܩܐ ܠܪܥܡܐ‏ : lightning comes before thunder ; P Mt28:7↗ ܩܵܕ݂ܸܡ ܠܟ݂ܘ݂ܢ܂ ܠܲܓ݂ܠܼܝܠܵܐ‏ ; BT Zev 89a(7)↗ דלמא תמידין הוא דקדמי למוספין משום דתדירי‏ : perhaps the daily offerings should precede the musaf offerings because they are frequent
(1)
to take precedence over (?), surpass
Sam, Syr, LJLA
PJ Ex14:15↗ הא צלותהון דעמי קדמת לדידך‏ : look, My people's prayer has precedence over yours
(1)
to act before someone
Syr
BhBS.E Pol 2.3.5 ܐܢܬ ܠܐ ܬܩܕܘܡ ܚܒܪ̈ܝܟ ܒܦܘܢܝܐ‏ : do not precede your colleagues in answering
2
to do beforehand, to do something first
Syr, JBA
MG 20:92.2.20↗ מילתא דאת בהית מינה קדום‏ : first say something of which you are ashamed
(1)
as co-verb
3
to approach
Sam, Syr, LJLA
SamTgJ Gen18:23↗ וקדם אברהם ואמר‏ ; TgJob8:5↗ אין אנת תקדם בצלו קדם אלהא‏ : if you come before God in prayer ; DMordecai:13↗ למיקדם אפוי בשופריך‏ : to come before his face with your beauty
Dpaˁˁelto precede4 senses▶
1
to precede
Common Aramaic
Lag(366) John5:7↗ ܕܥܕ ܐܢܐ ܐܬܐ ܕܝܚܘܬ݁ ܚܘܪܢ ܡܩܕܡ ܠܝ ܘܢܚܬ݁‏ : for while I am coming to go down, another precedes me and goes down ; P Ps59:11↗ ܐܠܗܐ ܛܝܒܘܬܟ ܬܩܕܡܢܝ‏ : God, may Your goodness precede me
(1)
as co-verb: to do early on
Syr, JBA
JulSok 17(5):24↗ ܩܕܡ ܓܝܪ ܐܪܝܡܗ ܡܢ ܚܝ̈ܐ݂܂ ܘܟܪܝ ܡܫܘܚܬܐ ܕܝܘ̈ܡܘܗܝ݂‏ : for he early on removed him from life and shortened the extent of his days ; BT Suk 52a(53)↗ למחר ניק{ר}<ד>י ניזיל באורחא‏ : tomorrow let us get up early to go on the way
(1)
alone : to be early, get up early
Syr, JBA
JSB2 51:70↗ ܠܒܸܝܬ ܥܵܨܽܘܒܵܐ ܒܨܲܦܪܵܐ ܩܲܕܸܡ ܡܲܚܠܸܡ ܗ̄ܽܘ ܠܵܟ‏ : get to the surgeon's first thing and he will heal you ; Addai.6.1↗ ܘܩ݁ܕܡ ܗܘܐ ܛܘܒܝܐ ܠܝܘܡܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ‏ : then PN got up early for the next day ; BT BQ 116a(29)↗ קדים רב ספרא למחר‏ : PN rose early the next day
(2)
to do previously
Common Aramaic
P Acts2:31↗ ܩܲܕܸ݁ܡ ܚܙܵܐ‏ ; P Acts4:28↗ ܟ݁ܽܠ ܡܵܐ ܕܼ݁ܐܝܕ݂ܵܟ݂ ܘܨܸܒ݂ܝܵܢܵܟ݂ ܩܲܕܸ݁ܡ ܪܫܲܡ ܕ݁ܢܸܗܘܸܐ‏ : everything that your hand and your wish previously indicated to do ; ICor11:21↗ ܩܵܕ݂ܸܡ ܐܵܟ݂ܸܠ ܠܵܗ‏ ; BT Ket 112a(45)↗ עמא פזיזא דקדמיה פומיה לאודניה‏ : an impetuous nation which placed its mouth before its ears
2
to come before in space
Syr
(1)
to encounter
Syr
P Mi6:6↗ ܒܡܢܐ ܐܩܕܡ ܠܡܪܝܐ‏ : with what shall I meet the Lord ; P Job30:27↗ ܩ݁ܕܡܘܢܝ ܝܘܡ̈ܬܐ ܕܡܘܟܟܝ‏ : the days of my humiliation have confronted me
(2)
to lead into a presence, present to
Sam
SamTgJ Ex21:6↗ ויקדמנה רבה ליד האלהים ויקדמנה לדרשה ולמזוזיתה‏ : his master should present him to God and lead him to the door and the doorpost
(3)
to advance
Sam, Syr
SamTgJ Gen19:9↗ ואמרו קדם להל‏ : they said: go on!
(1)
to attack
Syr
P 2K19:32↗ ܠܐ ܢܥܘܠ ܠܩܪܝܬܐ ܗܕܐ܂ ܘܠܐ ܢܫܕܐ ܬܡܢ ܓܐܪܐ܂ ܘܠܐ ‍{‍ܢܩܪܡܝܗ‍}‍‍<‍ܢܩܕܡܝܗ‍>‍ ܒܣܟܪ̈ܐ‏ : he shall not enter this city, nor shoot arrows there, nor confront it with shields
(4)
w. d.o. + ܒ : to offer
Syr
P Mi6:6↗ ܒܡܢܐ ܐܩܕܡ ܠܡܪܝܐ‏ : with what shall I confront the Lord?
3
to greet someone
Gal, CPA
VR 620:2(1)↗ נפקון וקדמוניה בחיזורין <דדהב>‏ : they went out and greeted him with apples of gold ; Lag(380) John12:18↗ ܐܘܦ ܐ̈ܟܠܘܣܐ ܩܕܝܡ ܝܬ݁ܗ ܕܫܡ̈ܥܘ ܕܥܒܕ ܗܕܢ ܐܬܐ‏ : the people also greeted him for they heard he had done this miracle
4
ܣܵܡ : to set forth
Syr
Rom3:25↗ ܗܵܢܵܐ ܕ݁ܩܲܕܸ݁ܡ ܣܵܡܸܗ ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ܂ ܚܘ݂ܣܵܝܵܐ ܂܂܂ ܡܸܛܽܠ ܚܛܵܗܲܝܢ̈ ܕ݁ܡܸܢ ܩܕ݂ܼܝܡ ܚܛܲܝܢ‏
Cˀafˁelto do something first3 senses▶
1
to do something first
JLAtg, Gal, PTA, JBA, LJLA
TgO Gen49:8↗ יְהוֹן מַקדְמִין מִשאַל בִשלָמָך בְנֵי אֲבוּך‏ : your father's sons will be first to greet you ; TN Gen27:29↗ text not cited ; BT San 49b(29)↗ ואי אקדים לית לן בה‏ : if he did (this act) first, it is of no value ; PJ Gen27:29↗ ויהון מקדמין למשאל בשלמך בני אמך‏
(1)
as a co-verb: to do early
JLAtg, JBA, LJLA
TgJ Jer7:13↗ מַקדֵים וֻמַמלֵיל‏ : speaking early on ; Anan 24:20↗ אקדים כתב ליה‏ ; PJ Gen19:2↗ ביתו ושזוגו ריגליכון ותקדמון ותהכון לאורחתכון‏ : spend the night, wash your feet, and go on your way early
(2)
to be early
Gal
PTBer 2.c:36[2]↗ זימנין דהיא מקדמא וזימנין דהיא מאחרה‏ : sometimes it (i.e. the morning star) is early, and sometimes it is late
(1)
to rise early
JLAtg, PTA, Sam, JBA, LJLA
TgO Gen19:2↗ וְבִיתוּ וְאַסחוֹ רַגלֵיכוֹן וְתַקדְמוּן וֻתהָכוּן לְאוֹרַחכוֹן‏ : spend the night, then wash your feet, get up early and go on your way ; TN Ex9:13↗ אקדם בצפרא‏ ; SamTgJ Gen19:2↗ ותקדמון ותהכון לאורעכון‏ ; BT BM 83a(42) ↗ אדעתא דמקדמיתו ומחשכיתו בהדאי‏ : with the understanding that you get up early and continue with me ; PJ Gen22:3↗ ואקדים אברהם בצפרא וזריז ית חמריה‏ : Abraham rose early in the morning and saddled his donkey
2
to advance (trans.)
Sam
(1)
to give preference to, place before
Gal, PTA, Syr
PTSan 18.c:43[2]↗ ריש לקיש אקדמון ליה חד סב בעיבור‏ : they gave preference to an old man over PN at the intercalation ; GT D Gen48:20↗ וְאַקְדֵם̊ [י]ת̊ סְדַר בֶרְכְתֵיהּ דְאפרים קֹדם מנשה‏ : he put Ephraim's blessing in order before that of Menasseh ; TN Deut21:16↗ לית הוא רשיי למקדמה ית ברא דרחימתה קדם ברה דסניתה‏ : he is not allowed to place his beloved's son ahead of his hated wife's son ; IAB1 154:3 ܠܬܪܥܘܬܐ ܕܐܢܫܐ ܐܩܕܡ܃ ܡܢ ܬܪܥܘܬܐ ܕܡܘܗܒܬܗ‏ : He gave preference to willing acceptance of people over acceptance of His offering
3
to confront
LJLA
TgPs18:19↗ אקדמו לי ביום טילטולי והוה מימרא דייי סמיך לי‏ : they confronted me on the day of my wandering [MT: יְקַדְּמוּנִי בְיוֹם־אֵידִי] but the Lord's memra supported me
(1)
to greet
PTA, LJLA
TN Deut23:5↗ אקדימו יתכון‏ ; TgPs95:2↗ נקדים אפוי בתודתא‏
Gtˀeṯpəˁelܡܸܢ ܡܲܘܬܿܵܐ : to die unexpectedly1 sense▶
ܡܸܢ ܡܲܘܬܿܵܐ : to die unexpectedly
Syr
Syr-RomLaw.43.11↗ ܐܢܕܝܢ ܡ݂ܢ ܒܬܪ ܕܐܨܚ ܐܬܩܕܡ ܠܗ ܡ݂ܢ ܡܘܬܐ‏ : but if he died unexpectedly after having specified it
Dtˀeṯpaˁˁalto precede6 senses▶
1
to precede
Sam, Syr, LJLA
TgJob41:3↗ מן אקדימנני בעובדי בראשית‏
(1)
to be mentioned above
Sam
2
to be found to be predisposed, prejudiced
Syr
Ps-Clem Recogs 2.84:21↗ ̈ ܡܛܠ ܫܡ̈ܘܥܐ ܕܐܘ ܠܐ ܦܪ̈ܘܫܐ ܐܢܘܢ ܐܘ ܕܐܬܩܕܡܘ ܠܗܘ ܕܠܩܘܒܠܐ‏ : on account of listeners who were not discerning or were predisposed to the opposite
3
as co-verb with other passives : to be done previously
Syr
AGnEx 124.3↗ ܕܢܚܘܐ ܕܐܬܬ ܠܥܒܕܐ ܡܠܬܐ ܕܐܬܩܕܡܬ ܘܐܬܐܡܪܬ ܠܐܒܪܗܡ ܒܡܘܠܟܢܐ‏ : to show that the word that had previously been said to Abraham in a promise came to pass ; Ps-Clem Recogs 1.28:19↗ ܗܢܝܢ ܗܢܝܢ ܕܐܬܩܕܡ ܐܬܐܡܪ ܠܟ ܪܝܫܗܝܢ ܒܦܣܝܩ̈ܬܐ‏ : these are the things whose main points were previously told you in brief
4
to be outrun, caught up, overtaken
Syr
JSB1 4:19↗ ܠܐ ܡܬܩܲܕܲܡ ܪܸܡܙܐ ܕܩܠܝܠ ܐܦ ܡܢ ܒܪܩܐ‏ : the divine creative power, that is quicker even than lightning, cannot be outrun ; PhilV 19:28 ܐܘܪܟܐ ܕܠܐ ܡ݁ܬܩܕܡ‏ : a distance that cannot be reached
(1)
to be confronted, caught in the act
Syr
JulSok 115(54):5↗ ܘܐܢ ܐܬܩܕܡܘ ܕܥܒܕܘ ܟܢܘܫܝܐ܂ ܒܚܕ ܡܢ ܐܣܟ̈ܝܡܝܢ ܐܘ ܒܚܕ ܡܢ ܦܘܪܣܝ݂ܢ‏ : if they have been found to have made assembly in any way or by any means ; Gal6:1↗ ܐܸܢ ܐܼܢܵܫ ܡܸܢܟ݂ܘ݂ܢ ܢܸܬ݂ܩܲܕ݁ܲܡ ܒ݁ܣܲܟ݂ܠܘ݂ܬ݂ܵܐ‏ : if a man be overtaken in a fault
5
to be hurried
CPA
6
to approach
Sam
Ctˀettafˁalto be preoccupied (?), predisposed (?)1 sense▶
to be preoccupied (?), predisposed (?)
Syr
ROrChr 15 11:11 ܟܡܐ ܒܝܫܐ ܕܐܢܫ ܐܬܬܩܕܡ ܘܢܬܬܚܒ ܒܡܣܒܪܢܘܬܐ ܕܣܢܐܬܐ ܒܝܫܬܐ‏ : how unfortunate that a person was predisposed to be overcome by the gospel of evil hate
§▶
Syr. a/u; JBA pael often without final mem
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✎▶
Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 1317[646]DJPA: 475aDJBA: 984aJastrow: 1316Drower/Macuch: 405aJ. Payne-Smith: 490Levy Ch-W: 2:344Tal Sam: 753bDNWSI: 986DCPA[Schulthess]: 363[175]Qumran: 205

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Fri, 06 Nov 2026 03:48:27 -0500