←
ˁd (ˁaḏ) conj. until
1
until
Common Aramaic
Dan 4:30↗ עַד דִּי שַׂעְרֵהּ כְּנִשְׁרִין רְבָה‏ : until his hair grew out like raptors ; GenApoc 16.10↗ כול ארע צפונא כולהא עד די דבק ל٠٠٠٠‏ ; TgO Gen3:19↗ עַד דְתִיתָתַב לְאַרעָא דְמִינַה אִתבְרִיתָא‏ : until you return to the ground you were created from ; OS MtSin4:11↗ ܗܝܕܝܢ ܫܢܝ ܡܢ ܠܘܬܗ ܡܢܣܝܢܐ ܥܕ ܙܒܢܐ‏ : then the Tempter left him for a while ; BT Meg 7b(18)↗ מיחייב אנשא לאיבסומי בפוריא עד דלא ידע בין ארור המן לברוך מרדכי‏ : a person is required to become intoxicated on Purim until he cannot distinguish between 'Cursed is Haman' and 'Blessed is Mordecai' ; PJ Ex3:20↗ עד דאישדר ית מחת גבורתי‏ : until I loose My mighty blow
(1)
(without explicit relative)
OfAEg-inf, BAEzra, Qumran, Jud
Sf.3 a6↗ ˁd ˀhk ˀnh : until I come ; TAD A3.10 V.8↗ אל ירחק מנכם עד ימטא‏ : do not let him go away from you until he comes ; ClGanCol 195.R 4↗ עד אשלח לכם‏ ; Ezra 4:21↗ עַד־מִנִּי טַעְמָא יִתְּשָׂם‏ : until the order is given by me ; 4Q246 .2.4↗ עד יקום עם אל‏ ; 4QEne4.1.18↗ ו]א̇נה הוית חזה עד ארעא חפית מין‏ : I was watching until the earth was covered with water ; Qarnayim Ostraca 4:1↗ עד לא אזלת‏
(2)
עדהן ד : i.e., + "where" : to the point that
Sam
SamTgC Gen 24:19 אדהן יסכמון למשתי‏ : until they finish drinking
(3)
+אתי ptcp. : as soon arriving
JBA
BT Qid 31b(9)↗ אנא דעד דאתינא מבי רב‏ : as soon as I would come from school
2
while, while still
JLAtg, Gal, PTA, CPA, Syr, JBA, LJLA
TgJ Hos7:16↗ עַד דְאִנוּן בְאַרעָא דְמִצרָיִם‏ : while they were in the land of Egypt ; EchRB[1]89(7)↗ עד דאינון יהבין ונסבין געת תורתא אחריתי‏ : while they were bargaining another heifer lowed ; TN Ex14:25↗ עד אינון יהיבין במצרים‏ : while they were still located in Egypt ; CPA Luke1:15↗ ܘܒܪܘܚܐ ܕܩܘܕܫܐ ܝܬܡܠܐ݁ ܥܕ ܗܘ ܒܟܪܣܗ݀ ܕܐܝܡܗ‏ : he shall be filled with the Holy Spirit while he is in his mother’s womb ; Lag(366) John5:7↗ ܕܥܕ ܐܢܐ ܐܬܐ ܕܝܚܘܬ݁ ܚܘܪܢ ܡܩܕܡ ܠܝ ܘܢܚܬ݁‏ : for while I am coming to go down, another precedes me and goes down ; P 2K6:33↗ ܘܥܕ ܗܘ ܡܡܠܠ ܥܡܗܘܢ‏ : while he was still speaking with them ; P Lk1:15↗ ܘܪܘ݂ܚܵܐ ܕܩܘ݂ܕ݂ܫܵܐ ܢܸܬ݂ܡܠܸܐ܂ ܥܲܕ݂ ܗܘ݂ ܒܟܲܪܣܵܐ ܕܸܐܡܸܗ‏ : he shall be filled with the Holy Spirit while still in in his mother’s womb ; BT Ber 17a(49)↗ ומנטרן לגבריהו עד דאתו מבי רבנן‏ : they wait for their husbands while they come from the study hall ; BT Git 56a(35)↗ אדאזל איזדבן‏ : while he was still on the way it was sold out ; PJ Ex10:29↗ אנא עד דהוינא יתיב במדין‏ : while I was still dwelling in Midian
(1)
לא עד + preform. verb : not yet
OfAEg-inf
TAD A2.2 R.12↗ ולעד אשכח אש למושרתהם לכן‏ : but I have not yet found anyone to ship them to you
(2)
as long as, as much as
Syr, LJLA
JulSok 155(74):10↗ ܥܕ ܗܘ݂ܐ ܠܡ ܙܒܢܐ ܕܢܫܡܥ ܐܢܘܢ‏ : until there was time to hear them ; Tobit(Med) 7.16 chap 4↗ עד דאית יוכלא בידך למעבד צדקתא עביד‏ : as much as you have the ability to do charity do it
(3)
because : see s.v. ˁl (d_) conj.
Sam
3
before
Syr, JBA
EphPar 9:6.1↗ ܥܕ ܗ݀ܘ ܡܦܛܪ ܠܟ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܡܙܡܢ ܠܟ‏ : before the one bids you adieu the other invites you in ; JoshStyl 16.11↗ ܥܕ ܡܛ݂ܐ ܐܝܙܓܕܐ ܠܐܢܛܝܟܝܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ݂ ܡܝ݂ܬ ܙܢܘܢ‏ : before the ambassador reached Syrian Antioch, Zenon died ; BT Tan 21a(21)↗ עד דאתא אילפא מלך ר׳ יוחנן‏ : before the boat arrived, PN had become in charge
(1)
not yet, before : see s.v. ˁd lˀ
Common Aramaic
AphDem7.138:5↗ ܘܬܘܒܘ ܘܚܝܘ܂ ܥܕ ܠܐ ܬܬܩܛܠܘܢ‏ : repent and live, before you are killed ; SyrAhiq 4 281:10↗ ܥܕܠܐ ܢܥܫܢ ܠܗ ܡܢܟ‏ : before he becomes stronger than you
(2)
אד_ + ptcp. : rather than doing before
JBA
BT Šab 125a(28)↗ אי הכי אדמיפלגי בשברי תנור ליפלג{י} בתנור גופיה‏ : if so, rather than differing over oven fragments let them differ about the oven itself
§▶
The neg. written as both ܥܕܠܐ‏ and ܥܕ ܠܐ‏; Sam. אד ; Mand. as a preformative
☛▶
🔍▶
✎▶
See s.v. ˁwd note.
Note that in Syriac the relative has been swallowed up into the final /d/ of the word, while in the Jewish Aramaic texts the relative is still required.
Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 1069[510]DJPA: 395bDJBA: 842bJastrow: 1042Drower/Macuch: 6aPayne-Smith: 2798J. Payne-Smith: 400Levy Ch-W: 2:202Tal Sam: 7DCPA[Schulthess]: 299[143]Qumran: 172

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Thu, 05 Nov 2026 01:39:09 -0500