←
šdy vb. to throw (away or down)
GDCGtDtCt
Gpəˁalto throw4 senses▶
1
to throw
OfAGen, JLAtg, Gal, CPA, Syr, JBA, Man
TgO Ex15:1var.↗ סוּסיָא וְרָכְבֵיה רְמָא"שדי" בְיַמָא‏ : He threw the horse and its rider into the sea ; P Ex1:22↗ ܒܪܐ ܕܡܬܝܠܕ ܒܢܗܪܐ ܬܫܕܘܢܗ‏ ; P Dt9:17↗ ܫ݁ܕܝܬ ܐ̈ܢܝܢ ܡܢ ܬܪ̈ܬܝܗܝܢ ܐ̈ܝܕܝ‏ ; BT San 67b(26)↗ דנפיץ ושאדי כרוכי דשיראי מנחיריה‏ : he used to shake (his nose) and cast out bundles of silk from his nostrils
(1)
to remove, throw away
Syr, JBA
AphDem6.103:8↗ ܘܢܫܠܚ ܘܢܫܕܐ ܡܢܢ ܟܠܗ݀ ܨܐܘܬܐ‏ : we should cast off and remove from ourselves everything foul ; P Lv18:24↗ ܥܡܡ̈ܐ ܕܫ݁ܕܐ ܐܢܐ ܡܢ ܩܕܡܝܟܘܢ‏ ; BT BQ 116a(27)↗ כל אורתא הוו שדו ליה חמארא דחד מיניהו‏ : every night they used to abandon to it [i.e. the lion] a donkey belonging to one of them
(1)
+ܠܒܪ : to throw out, reject
Syr
OS MtCur13:48↗ ܘܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܒܝܫܝܢ ܫܕܘ ܐܢܘܢ ܠܒܪ‏ : they threw the bad ones out ; JulSok 13(3):8↗ ܫܕܐ ܠܐܦ̈ܣܩܦܐ ܠܐܟܣܘܪܝܐ ܡܢ ܡܕܝ̈ܢܬܗܘܢ‏ : the threw the bishops out to exile from their cities
(2)
to cast down
Syr, JBAmb, JBA
JBAmb2 55:8↗ שדינא לכין לעומקי ארעה תחתיתא דלית איפשר למיסק מינה‏ : I will cast you down to the depths of the lower earth from which it is impossible to ascend ; BT Ber 33a(15)↗ סק לאגרא ושדי דרגא מתחותך‏ : go up to the roof and throw the ladder down from beneath you
(1)
to pull down something high
JLAtg, JBA
TgJ Is37:26↗ גַלִין דִשדוֹ קִרוִין כְרִיכָן‏ : waves that threw down walled cities ; BT San 30b(35)↗ דשדיתו דקלי וזקפיתו להו‏ : you pull down date palms and plant them (anew)
(1)
to pluck off (dates)
JBA
BT Qid 9a(10)↗ גברא דהוו קא שדי ל׳ תמרי מדיקלא‏ : the man who was plucking dates from a palm [and apparently throwing them down from the tall tree rather than collecting them!]
(3)
to cast down seed, sow
JBA
BT Ḥul 60b(22)↗ שדא ביה ביזרני ולא צמח‏ : he sowed seeds in it [i.e. the garden], and it did not sprout
(4)
to release
Syr
P Ps80:12↗ ܫܕܬ ܓܝܕܝ̈ܗ݀ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܝܡܐ܂ ܘܥܠ ܢܗܪ̈ܘܬܐ ܥܢܩ̈ܝܗ݀‏ : it extended its tendrils up to the sea and its branches along the rivers
(1)
to shoot an arrow
JLAtg, Syr, JBA, LJLA
TgJ 1Sam20:20↗ וַאְנָא תְלָתָה גִרִין בְקַשַת שָדֵי לְמִמחֵי לִי לִפלַגלֵיסָא‏ : I am going to shoot three arrows at a target with a bow ; ActsThom 259:14↗ ܘܫ݂ܕܐ ܒܗ ܡܙܕܝ ܓܐܪܐ‏ : PN shot an arrow at it ; BT BB 73b(26)↗ שדיא גירא פרשא‏ : the horseman shot an arrow ; TgEsth2 1:2(257)↗ קלקל בחצים שאל בתרפים שדא גירא למערב׳‏ : he augured with "arrows" he queried with "teraphim" and shot an arrow westward
(2)
ܩܵܠܵܐ : to raise the voice, shout
Syr
JulSok 23(8):17↗ ܘܫ݁ܕܐ ܩܠܐ ܒܗ݀ ܒܥܢܐ ܘܟܢܫܐ ܠܘܬܗ݂‏ : he shouts at the flock and they gather to him
2
to put something down or upon
Syr, JBA, Man
EphPar 5:3.5↗ ܫܩܠ ܘܫܕܢܝ ܡܢ ܥܘܒܗ ܕܗܘ݁ ܣܦܪܐ ܠܥܘܒܗ ܕܦܪܕܝܣܐ‏ : it picked me up from the bosom of that book and put me down on the bosom of Paradise ; IPet5:7↗ ܘܨܸܦܬܟܘ݂ܢ ܟܠܵܗ ܫܕܲܘ ܥܲܠ ܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ‏ : and place all your care upon God ; BT Ara 19a(26)↗ דבתר דתקלי שדו תרי תלתא‏ : after they weigh it they place two or three (more) ; GY 22:8↗ ulatišdun bnaikun bit maria : do not insert your children (with a slave woman) into the master's house
(1)
to insert, thrust in
Syr, JBA
JS_Elijah 5:167↗ ܐܸܠܽܘ ܫܕܵܬ ܒܸܗ ܚܛܼܝܬܵܐ ܢܼܝܒܵܗ݀‏ : had sin thrust its tooth into him ; BT Šab 98a(16)↗ כי שא{ר}<ד>י לה מר ביני וביני‏ : when you insert it in between them
(2)
fig.:
(1)
w. ܬܪܥܝܬܐ : to set one's mind to
Syr
AphDem1.6:3↗ ܕܬܪܥܝܬܟ ܠܗܠܝܢ ܥܘܩ̈ܒܐ ܫܕܝܬ‏ : that you have set your mind toward these investigations
(2)
to impose, cause to take effect
JBA
BT BB 8a(39)↗ דההוא דמי כלילא דשדו אטבריה‏ : a certain payment of the coronation tax which was imposed on GN ; SM 21(20):86.1(32)↗ לא יכיל למקרב לגביה, שדא שגושיא באגמא, סבר דלמא גברי דמלכא קא אתו,‏ : (the angel of death) was not able to get near him, so he caused a commotion in the marsh, and he thought that maybe the king's people are coming
(3)
to ascribe to
Syr
GregOr 41 48.6.1↗ ܪܘܚܐ ܩܕܝܫܐ܃ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܡ݁ܢ ܕܫ݁ܕܝܢ ܠܒܪ̈ܝܬܐ‏ : those who ascribe the Holy Spirit to the created things ; ISSW 6:13↗ ܒܗܵܝ ܕܲܠܟܽܠܵܗ݀ ܨܒܽܘܬܸܗ ܥܠܲܘܗܼܝ ܫܵܕܸܐ‏ : inasmuch as He ascribes its entire matter to him
(4)
ܥܲܠ : to cast (eye) upon
Syr
JS_Elijah 1:342↗ ܥܲܠ ܣܲܓܼܝܸ̈ܐܐ ܫܲܕܝܵܐ ܥܲܝܢܵܗ݀ ܕܚܲܒܪܲܬ̤ ܨܲܠܡܸ̈ܐ‏ : the idol friend's eye was cast upon many
(5)
to place in (בתר) a category
JBA
BT Qid 67b(20)↗ דאי זכר הוא שדייה אבתריה דידיה, ואי נקיבה היא שדייה אבתר{{̇י̇ה}}^ה^ דידה‏ : if (the child) is male consider it in his group, but if it s female, consider it to be in hers
(6)
w. ˁl : to add on to
Syr, JBA
Algorithmic §99 ܫܕܝ ܐܬܘ̈ܬܐ ܥܠ ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ‏ : add (the value of) the letters to the numbers ; BT Er 83a(19)↗ שדי עליהן חלתן, כמה הוי, תמני, אכתי מאתן וחמיסר הויא אלא אייתיו עודות דר׳ שדי עילויהו‏ : add our challah to it; how much does that make? eighty; so it still becomes only two hundred fifteen; but bring the excesses of Rabbi and add it to them ; BT Ara 12b(18)↗ אייתי שבסרי משבסר יובלי שדי אהני‏ : take seventeen (years) from seventeen of the jubilee and add it to these
3
to pour out
Qumran, JLAtg, Syr, JBA, LJLA
TgJ Jud7:6↗ מִניַן דְשָדַן בִידֵיהוֹן לְפוּמְהוֹן‏ : the number of those who poured (it) into their mouths with their hands ; BT Ḥul 106a(1)↗ חזיה דשדי מיא מפומא דחצבא‏ : he saw that he was pouring water from the opening of a pitcher ; PJ Gen14:3↗ אתר דמסיק פרקטונין דמיין ושדי להון לימא דמילחא‏ : a place that spews up pools of water and pour them out into the Salt Sea
(1)
(rain) to rain
JBA
(2)
to shed blood
LJLA
TgPs79:3↗ text not cited ; TgPs106:38↗ ושדו אדם זכאי‏
(3)
fig.:
Syr
ISSW 9:16d↗ ܘܢܸܫܕܸܐ ܬܲܘܕܼܝܬܵܐ ܕܡܸܬܬܚܲܝܒܼܝܢܲܢ ܟܲܕ ܪܡܸܝܢ ܥܲܠ ܐܲܦܲܝ̈ܢ‏ : let us provide abundant thanks for what we are indebted, while lying on our faces
4
other idioms:
(1)
to take root
Syr
P 2K19:30↗ ܫܕܝܢ ܥܩܪܐ ܠܬܚܬ‏
(2)
to invest
JBA
BT BQ 103a(7)↗ וזוזאי בכדי לא שדינא‏ : I do not invest my money for nothing
(3)
w. יד: to touch
JBA, Man
BT Šab 140b(16)↗ אנא מיעיקרא לא הוה בצ{ינ}עא עד דשדאי ידא בכל מנא ואשכחי ^ביה כל צורכי^‏ : initially, I would not break (bread) until I had felt (all the loaves) in my container, and I found in it all that I needed ; ShPDm 553↗ šda ˁdẖ lpumẖ : he touched his mouth
(1)
to attack
Jud, JBA
BT San 95a(21)↗ נש{{ר}}<ד>י בה ידא האידנא‏ : let us attack it now
(4)
to spit
JBA, Man
BT Qid 81b(2)↗ הבו ליה כסא אכמר שדא ביה‏ : they gave him a cup and he spat into it again ; GY 84:21 ↗ kul ḏakal šdẖ mn pumẖ : whatever he ate he spat out of his mouth
(5)
w. נרגא: to disagree with an opinion (i.e. to throw an axe on it!)
JBA
BT Pes 32b(50)↗ text not cited ; BT Suk 12a(9)↗ ואתא ר׳ ירמיה שדא בה נרגא‏ : PN came and disagreed with it
(6)
w. b_, l_+ܐܟܣܘܪܝܐ : to exile
Syr
JulSok 17(5):21↗ ܘܫܕܐ ܠܐܦ̈ܣܩܦܐ ܠܐܟܣܘܪܝܐ‏ ; AnonPhilox 175:11↗ ܫܕܐܘܗܝ ܒܐܟܣܪܝܐ ܒܓܲܢܲܓܲܪܐ ܡܕܝܢܬ‏ : he exiled him to GN ; ChronEdess 10:18↗ ܫܕܝܗܝ ܠܐܘܟܐܛܐ‏
(7)
(of chaff) p.p. : loose(?), unbundled (?)
OfAGen
IduOstr 1:170.1↗ עפה תבן שדי‏ : loose straw chaff
Dpaˁˁelto cast down (pl.)2 senses▶
1
to cast down (pl.)
Syr, Man
P Acts22:23↗ ܘܲܡܫܲܕܸ݁ܝܢ ܗܼܘܲܘ ܡܵܐܢ̈ܲܝܗܘ݂ܢ‏ ; JohnBook 33:6↗ arza rama ḏnangaria hidruia ušadiuia : the tall cedar that the carpenters surrounded and felled
(1)
to shoot (pl.)
Syr
P Prov26:18↗ ܡܫܕܝܢ ܡ̈ܠܐ ܐܝܟ ܓܐܪ̈ܐ ܫܢܝ̈ܢܐ ܕܡܘܬܐ‏ : they shoot words like death's sharp arrows
2
to excommunicate
Syr
SE2 142:18 ܠܢܣܛܘܪܝܣ ܫܕܝ‏
Cˀafˁelto throw down3 senses▶
1
to throw down
Syr
(1)
to have cast down (?)
Syr
JoshStyl 51.11↗ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܐܫܕܝܘܢ ܒܕܩܠܬ‏ : those they had cast into the Tigris
(2)
to throw (at one)
JLAtg
TgJ 2Sam16:13↗ אָזֵיל וֻמלָטֵיט וֻמרַגֵים בְאַבנַיָא לְקִבלֵיה וֻמַשדֵי עַפרָא‏ : going along cursing, and throwing down stones in front of him and throwing dirt †
2
to discard
JLAtg
TgO Lev1:16var.↗ בַאְתַר דמשדין קִטמָא‏ : in the place where they discard the ashes †
(1)
to neglect
Syr
JohEphB 31:11 ܡ݁ܫܕܝܢ‏ ; SK 129:12 text not cited
3
to shed blood
Man, LJLA
TgIChron 22:8↗ אדמא לסוגעא אשדיתא‏
Gtˀeṯpəˁelto be thrown4 senses▶
1
to be thrown
Syr, LJLA
TgLamYemWT 4:1↗ משתדיין מרגלאוון קדישין בריש כל מחוזין‏ : [MT תִּשְׁתַּפֵּכְנָה אַבְנֵי־קֹדֶשׁ בְּרֹאשׁ כָּל־חוּצוֹת]
(1)
to throw oneself
Syr
Didasc 17:17 text not cited
2
to be cast out, expelled
Palmyrene, Syr, JBA
Trf 2.3.108↗ pgryn dy mštdn mks lˀ ḥybyn : discarded corpses do not incur duty ; OS MtSin15:17↗ ܘܡܢ ܬܡܢ ܡܫܬܕܐ ܒܬܕܟܝܬܐ‏ : from there it is expelled during excretion ; P Acts7:21↗ ܐܸܫܬ݁ܕ݂ܼܝ ܡܸܢ ܐܸܡܸܗ‏
3
to be pushed back and forth on the wind
JLAtg, CPA
TgJ Hos8:1↗ הָא כְנִשרָא דְמִשתְדֵי כֵין יִסַק מַלַך בְמַשרְיָתֵיה‏ : like a drifting raptor a king will come up with his camps
(1)
to be bent down by the wind
JLAtg
TgJ Is7:2↗ כְאִשתְדָיוּת"כאשתריות" אִילָנֵי חוּרשָא מִן קְֹדָם רוּחָא‏
(2)
to totter
JLAtg
TgJ Is24:20↗ אִשתְדַאָה תִשתְדֵי אַרעָא כְרָויָא‏ : the land shall surely totter like a drunk
4
(blood) to be shed (= אשׁד!)
LJLA
PJ Num35:33↗ על דם זכאי דאישתדי‏
Dtˀeṯpaˁˁalto be hurled down2 senses▶
1
to be hurled down
Syr
P Am8:3↗ ܢܣ̈ܓܝܢ ܫ̈ܠܕܐ ܒܟܠ ܐܬܪ܂ ܘܢܫ̈ܬܕܝܢ ܠܐܒܕܢܐ‏ ; JSBhom 126:125↗ ܠܵܐ ܬܸܫܬܲܕܽܘܢ ܨܹܝܕ ܕܸܡ̈ܘܵܬܵܐ ܕܡܝܼ̈ܬܸܐ ܕܲܫܟܸܒܘ‏
2
to be hurled out, discarded
Syr
ESNisB2 94:11 ܥ̈ܘܠܝܟܘܢ ܗܐ ܡܫܬܕܝܢ ܐܝܟ ܕܒܡܨܪܝܢ‏ : your new-borns are thrown out here as in Egypt
Ctˀettafˁalto shed tears : see s.v. ˀšd1 sense▶
to shed tears : see s.v. ˀšd
Man
☛▶
🔍▶
✎▶
The fact that this root is easily confused with ˀšd for "to shed blood" in both Mandaic and LJLA (and occasionally in Syriac) suggests that it is legitimate linguistic confusion rather than a simple scribal error.
Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 1512[757]DJPA: 538aDJBA: 1109bJastrow: 1524Drower/Macuch: 449aPayne-Smith: 4062J. Payne-Smith: 560Levy Ch-W: 2:455DNWSI: 1111DCPA[Schulthess]: 413[201]Qumran: 230

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Wed, 11 Nov 2026 12:00:24 -0500