←
byš (bīš) adj. bad
1
bad, evil ( i.e., harmful, debilitating)
Common Aramaic
Kesecek.3↗ wmn byš yˁbd ˁm ptkr znh : whoever does anything bad to this sculpture ; Ezra 4:12↗ קִרְיְתָא מָרָדְתָּא וּבִאישְׁתָא בָּנַיִן‏ : they are building the rebellious and harmful city ; 4Q242 A..2↗ בשחנא באישא‏ : with a bad case of boils ; BT Ber 32a(17)↗ זני בישי‏ : bad sorts of things
(1)
as a substantive
Common Aramaic
TgO Gen2:9↗ וְאִילָן דְאָכְלֵי פֵירוֹהִי חָכְמִין בֵין טָב לְבִיש‏ : the tree that those who eat its fruit know the difference between good and evil
(1)
evil person, thing
Common Aramaic
TgO Num32:13↗ כֹל דָרָא דַעֲבַד דְבִיש/ביש/ קדם יוי‏ : every generation that did \that which is bad/bad/ before the Lord ; OS MtCur5:45↗ ܗܘ ܕܡܕܢܚ ܫܡܫܗ ܥܠ ܛ̈ܒܐ ܘܥܠ ܒܝ̈ܫܐ܂ ܘܡܚܬ ܡܛܪܗ ܥܠ ܟܐ̈ܢܐ ܘܥܠ ܥ̈ܘܠܐ‏ : he who makes the sun shine upon good people and on bad people and the rain fall upon the just and the unjust
(1)
The Evil One: i.e., the Devil
Syr
AphDem20.381:5↗ ܢܘܪܐ ܗ݀ܝ ܕܥܬܝܕܐ ܠܒܝܫܐ ܘܠܡܠܐܟܘ̈ܗܝ‏ : that fire prepared for the Evil One and his messengers ; P Acts10:38↗ ܗܵܢܘ݂ܢ ܕܸ݁ܐܬ݂ܢܟ݂ܼܝܘ ܡܸܢ ܒܼ݁ܝܫܵܐ‏
(2)
(as a substantival d.o.)
OfAEg, OfAWest, CPA, LJLA
TAD A4.7R.17↗ וכל גברין זי בעו באיש לאגורא זך‏ : all the people who had sought harm to that temple ; Kesecek.3↗ wmn byš yˁbd ˁm ptkr znh : whoever does anything harmful to this sculpture ; CPA Is11:9↗ ܘܠܐ ܝܥܒ̈ܝܕܘܢ ܒܝܫ‏ ; TgPs7:5↗ אין פרעית לבעיל שלמי ביש‏
(2)
lḇīš : adv. : for evil
Syr, Man, LJLA
LawsCoun.10.6↗ ܐܘ ܠܛܒ݂ ܐܘ ܠܒܝܫ‏ ; GY 276:14↗ šibiahia ḏˁl bhirai lbiš mithašbia : the planets who plot to do evil upon my elect ones ; AM 78:9↗ nasgun abatra lbiš : they will go after her with evil intent ; PJ Gen3:1↗ וחויא הוה חכים לביש מכל חיות ברא דעבד ייי אלקים‏ : the serpent was the smartest for doing evil of all the wild animals that the Lord God made
(3)
ܒܝܫ ܒܝܫ : adv. : in the worst way
Syr
P Mt21:41↗ ܒ݂ܼܝܫ ܒܼ݁ܝܫ ܢܲܘܒܸ݁ܕ݂ ܐܸܢܘ݂ܢ‏ : he will destroy them in the worst way
(2)
(of the body, face, heart) sad, upset
JLAtg, Gal, PTA, Syr, LJLA
TgJ 1Sam1:18↗ וַאְכַלַת וְאַפִין בִישִין לָא הְווֹ לַה עוֹד‏ : she ate and no longer was sad looking ; TN Gen40:7↗ מן בגלל מן אפיכון בישן‏ : on account of whom are you upset? ; P Neh2:2↗ ܐܦ̈ܝܟ ܒܝ̈ܫܢ‏ ; PJ Gen40:7↗ מדין סבר אפיכון ביש יומא דין‏
2
bad (i.e., the antithesis of good), not functioning properly
Common Aramaic
TAD D.20.5:2↗ מנדעם באיש לא עבדת‏ ; BT BQ 92b(39)↗ דקלא בישא‏ : an unproductive date palm ; TgQoh11:2↗ text not cited
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OA, OfA bˀyš; CPA distinguishes between the spellings with and without aleph, with the former reserved for the meaning "sick". What difference in pronunciation may have existed is not clear, but one normally assumes the former is bisyllabic as opposed to this form; cf. bˀyš #2 adj.
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Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 143[57]DJPA: 102aDJBA: 206bJastrow: 167Drower/Macuch: 63aPayne-Smith: 440J. Payne-Smith: 43Levy Ch-W: 1:95Tal Sam: 78DNWSI: 142DCPA[Schulthess]: 39[21b]DJA: 35aQumran: 29

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Sun, 08 Nov 2026 03:07:25 -0500