←
šwp (a/u) vb. to smear; grind down
GDCGtDtPLPL
Gpəˁalto smear2 senses▶
1
to smear
Gal, Syr, JBA, Man
Pel 5.25 ܨܐܬܗܝܢ ܕܪ̈ܓܠܘܗܝ ܒܗ݀ ܫܝܦ݂ܐ ܗܘܬ‏ : the dirt of his feet was smeared on her ; BT AZ 26a(40)↗ דשיפא לה סם בדד מאבראי וקטלא ליה‏ : (the wet nurse) smears poison on a teat from the outside, and she kills it [i.e. the sucking child] ; GY 45:22↗ uzmaiun banpaiun ṭarin ubpumaiun šaipia : and they splash their blood on their faces and smear it on their mouths
(1)
to clean the body with oil
JLAtg, JBAmb, JBAg
TgO Deut28:40↗ זֵיתִין יְהוֹן לָך בְכֹל תְחוּמָך וֻמִשחָא לָא תְשוּף"תסוך‏ ; TgJ 2Sam12:20↗ וְקָם דָוִיד מֵאַרעָא וֻמשָא"וֻמשַח"ואסחי" וְשַף‏ : David got up from the ground and cleansed and oiled himself ; JBABowl 125.1:11↗ באצ/נותיה דמישחא דנישוף מיניה וניחבן‏ : with the cruse(?) of oil that he rubs from it and they are defeated
2
to rub down or grind against
JLAtg, Syr, JBA, Man, LJLA
TgO Ex32:20↗ אוֹקֵיד בְנוּרָא וְשָף עַד דַהוָה דַקִיק‏ ; MetTheoSyc 351:a.16↗ ܟܕ ܫܝ̈ܦܢ ܪ̈ܚܘܬܐ ܒܚ̈ܕܕ‍[‍ܐ‏ : when millstones grind against one another ; BT BQ 98a(18)↗ והני מילי דמחייה בקורנסא וטרשיה אבל שאפיה בשופינא חסורי חסריה‏ : this situation is where he struck (the coin) with a hammer and flattened it, but if he rubbed it down with a file he definitely diminished it ; TgSong1:14↗ בכין אזל משה ושף ית עגלא ובדר ית עפריה לנחלא‏ : then Moses went and ground up the calf and scattered its dust into the wadi
(1)
to rub together
PTA, Syr
TN Lev26:36↗ קל עליה דשף עם חבר‏ : the sound of a leaf rubbing against fellow [but probably emend to דשקף, see Onqelos] ; BhEth 459:7 ܩܡ̈ܨܐ܃ ܠܟܪ̈ܥܝܗܘܢ ܣܵܘ̈ܟܵܢܵܝܹܐ ܟܕ ܫܝ݁ܦܝܢ܃ ܩܠܐ ܝܗܒܝܢ‏ : grasshoppers, when the rub their bent legs together, make a sound ; ThbK1 51:14↗ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܫܝܦܝܢ ܣܠܛܐ܂ ܘܡܬܚܙܝܐ ܢܘܪܐ‏ : those who rub flints! and fire appears
(2)
to incubate
Syr
HexBasilThom 117:16 ܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܫܝ̈ܦܐ ܒܢ̈ܬܐ ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ܂ ܐܝܟ ܦܪܚܬܐ ܕܠܘܬܢ‏ : they are not egg-incubators like birds near us ; ThbK2 41:9↗ ܒܪܬܐ ܕܝܘܢܐ ܐܘ ܕܘܙܐ܃ ܕܫܝ݁ܦܐ ܠܗ݀ ܬܪܢܓܘܠܬܐ‏ : offspring of a dove or goose that a hen incubates
(3)
fig. : to grind into poverty
LJLA
TgPs57:4↗ ישדר מלאכיה משמי מרומא ויפרקינני חסד שייפי‏ : He sends his angel from the high heavens and saves me; he has shamed my "grinders" ; TgPs94:5↗ עמך י׳ ישופון ואחסנתך ימסכנון‏ : they grind your people, Lord, into poverty and make your heritage destitute
Dpaˁˁelto stroke, rub1 sense▶
to stroke, rub
Syr, JBA
PsC 33:3 ܠܪ̈ܓܠܘܗܝ ܠܡܫܝܦܘ‏ : to stroke (the horse's) legs (to calm it)
(1)
to smooth (a rough hindrance)
Syr, LJLA
Ming1 39:v77 ܟܠܗܘܢ ܥܘܪ̈ܩܵܠܹܐ ܫܲ‍{‍ܢ‍}‍‍<‍ܝ‍>‍ܸܦܘ‏ ; TgJob14:19↗ אבניא שייפי"שייפו" מיא ְ [םט אֲבָנִים שָׁחֲקוּ מַיִם]‏
Cˀafˁelto make to incubate1 sense▶
to make to incubate
Syr
Gtˀeṯpəˁelto be smeared5 senses▶
1
to be smeared
Syr
P Ex30:32↗ ܥܠ ܒܣܪܐ ܕܐܢܫܐ ܠܐ ܢܬܫܝܦ‏ : (the oil) should not be smeared on a person’s flesh
(1)
to be rubbed against
Syr
KwD<sup>2</sup> 10:1 ܐܦ ܩܝܣܐ ܩܪܝܪܐ ܟܕ ܣܓܝ ܢܬܬܫܝܦ ܚܐ݁ܡ ܘܫܒ݁ܩ ܢܘܪܐ‏ : even a cold piece of wood when it is rubbed a lot gets warm and makes fire ; MetTheoSyc 351:a.29↗ ܘܡܢ ܩܝ̈ܣܐ ܕܡܬܬܫܝܦܝܢ ܒܚ̈ܕܕܐ ܡܬܢܒܪܫܐ ܢܘܪܐ‏ : and from sticks which are rubbed against each other fire is kindled
2
to be roasted
Syr
BhGr 14:3 text not cited
3
to be polished
Syr
4
to be deleted
Syr
Ming1 40:v103 ܢܫܬܢܕ ܘܢܬ݁ܬ݁ܫܝ݂ܦ ܒܢܘܪܐ‏
5
to be incubated
Syr
BhGr 14:3 text not cited
Dtˀeṯpaˁˁalto be smeared2 senses▶
1
to be smeared
Syr
JohEphLES [292]:3↗ ܡ̈ܫܝܚܢ ܗܠܝܢ ܪ̈ܓܠܐ ܒܣܡ̈ܡܢܐ܃ ܘܡ̈ܫܬܝܦܢ ܡܢ ܣܓܝ̈ܐܐ‏ : these feet are anointed with drugs and smeared with/by(?) many
2
to be stroked
Syr
Sahd 432:18 ܡܬܪ̈ܟܟܢ܃ ܘܡܫܬܝ̈ܦܢ ܡܫܝܢܐܝܬ ܠܘܬ ܥܵܒ̈ܕܲܝ ܛܒܬܗܝ̈ܢ‏ : they are softened and peacefully stroked toward those who do good things to them
(1)
to be subjugated (?)
Syr
Ming2 40:11 ܗ݀ܢܘܢ ܕܡ݂ܢ ܟܲܕܘ݂ ܐܫܬܲܝܲܦܘ ܘܐܬܟܕܢܘ ܟܡܐ ܕܗܘ̤ ܬܚܝܬ ܢܝܪܐ ܐܠܗܝܐ‏ : those who from then on were subjugated and harnessed as if beneath a divine yoke
PLPLpalpelsee s.v. špšp1 sense▶
see s.v. špšp
☛▶
🔍▶
✎▶
In the sense "grind down" undoubtedly influenced by the ancient loanword šwpyn "file" (q.v.), but we are uncertain if these usages should be treated as a separate denominative root.

© The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon ©
Wed, 04 Nov 2026 21:07:35 -0500