←
byd (byaḏ) prep. in the possession of; by means of
1
in the possession of
OA, OfAGen, BAEzra
TAD A2.2 R.5↗ הלו מסת כספה זי הוה בידי נתתן ופר̇ת לבנתסר בר תבי‏ : now whatever money I had I gave to PN as security ; TAD B2.3 R.22↗ ואהך בדין ולא אצדק וספרא זנה בידכי‏ : I shall go to court and not prevail as long as this document is in your possession ; Ezra 7:25↗ כְּחָכְמַת אֱלָהָךְ דִּי־בִידָךְ‏ : according to the wisdom of your God that you possess
(1)
into the possession of, into the control of
Common Aramaic
GenApoc 22.17↗ די סגר שנאיך בידך‏ : who delivered your enemies into your possession ; TgJ Jer44:30↗ וֻביַד דְבָעַן לְמִקטְלֵיה‏ : into the control of those who wish to kill him ; P Neh9:28↗ ܒܐܝܕ ܒܥܠܕܒܒܝ̈ܗܘܢ‏ ; IMac7a1 2:7↗ ܟܕ ܐܫܬܠܡܬ ܒܐܝܕ ܒܥ̈ܠܕܒܒܐ ܘܩܕܝ̈ܫܝܗ ܒܐܝܕܐ ܕܢܘܟܪ̈ܝܐ ܐܫܬܠܡܘ ܗܘܘ‏ ; GY 14:18 ↗ latimisrun abdia kširia biad marauatun bišia : do not deliver diligent slaves to their evil masters
(2)
w. ܬܒܥ : from what one has
Syr
LG 7:3(4)↗ ܘܬܵܒܲܥ ܡܵܪܝܵܐ ܕܡܸܗ ܒܼܐܝ̈ܕܲܝܢ‏ : the Lord seeks recompense for his blood from us
2
by means of, because of
Common Aramaic
(1)
an animate agent
Common Aramaic
Ezra 5:8↗ וּמַצְלַח בְּיֶדְהֹם‏ : it is succeeding under them ; Dan 2:38↗ יְהַב בִּידָךְ וְהַשְׁלְטָךְ‏ : He placed under your authority and gave you control ; TN Ex4:13↗ שלח כען ביד דן דחמי ליה למשתלחא‏ : please send by means of that one who is proper to be sent ; MarqePoem6:87↗ תשתבח ביד כל פם‏ : You should be praised by every mouth ; ActsThom 230:5↗ ܕܝܗ݂ܒܬ ܠܢ ܐܣܘܬܐ ܒܝܕ ܥܒ݂ܕܟ ܘܫܠܝܚܟ ܝܗܘܕܐ‏ : that you have given us healing by means of Judah, your servant and your apostle ; GY 13:5↗ alma hanatẖ ninhar bˁdak dilak : this world shall be resplendent through you
(2)
an inanimate agent
Qumran, CPA, Syr
4Q537 7:2↗ ٠٠٠]נכון ביד פשעי̊[כון‏ : will .... you by means of your transgressions ; CYR(Protach) 6:1↗ ܚܡܝ ܕܝ ܒܝܕܗ݀ ܕܗܝܡܢܘܬܐ‏ ; TB 4:95.21↗ ܢܡܘܣܐ ܕܟܪܝܗ ܗܘܐ ܒܝܕ ܦܓܪܐ‏ : the law that is weak by means of the body ; Ps-Clem Recogs 1.46:12↗ ܡܥܡܘܕܝܬܐ ܕܒܝܕ ܡ̈ܝܐ‏ : baptism that is by means of water ; IVMac1:17↗ ܡܪܕܘܬܐ ܕܒܢܡܘܣܐ܂ ܗ݀ܝ ܕܒܐܝ̈ܕܝܗ݀ ܐܦ ܗܠܝܢ ܕܐܠܗܘܬܐ ܪ̈ܘܪܒܐܝܬ܂ ܘܗܠܝܢ ܕܐܢܫܘܬܐ ܥܗܢܐܝܬ ܝܠܦ݁ܝܢ ܚܢܢ‏ : training in the law, that by which we learn those things of divinity primarily and of humanity appropriately ; IshPs 5(5)↗ ܒܝܕ ܙܡܪܗ ܕܕܘܝܕ ܡܬܪܘܚ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܡܥܣܐ ܕܫ̈ܐܕܐ‏ : by means of David's music he was relieved of demonic possession
3
emph.+d_
Syr, Man
PhiloxMonks 133:2↗ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܕܗ݂ܘ ܐܠܗܐ ܐܡ݂ܪ ܒܐܝܕܐ ܕܢܒܝܐ‏ ; AM 273:29↗ migṭil ˁniš mn malkia bˁda ḏsania : one of the kings' men is killed by the enemy
4
ܒܝܕ ܕ : as conj.: through the fact that, because
Syr
AGnEx 14.16↗ ܒܝܕ ܕܡܠܝܚܘܬܗ ܗ݂ܘ ܕܝܡܐ ܒܠܥܐ ܠܗܘܢ ܠܢܗܪ̈ܘܬܐ‏ : inasmuch as that same saltiness of the sea absorbs the rivers ; Addai.4.22↗ ܘܒܝܕ ܕܨ݁ܝܪܐ ܗܘܐ ܕܡܠܟܐ݂‏ : and inasmuch as he was the king’s artist ; DeMundo 135:9↗ ܢܦܫܐ ܒܝܕ ܕܢܣ݂ܒܬ ܠܗ݀ ܥܕܪܐ ܦܝܠܣܘܦܘܬܐ݂‏ : since a soul has accepted scientific help
(1)
with imperfect : so that
Syr
TDN.102:9↗ ܚܪܪܬܢܝ܂ ܒܝܕ ܕܐܦܠܘܚ ܥܒܕܘܬܐ ܠܐܠܗܐ‏ : you freed me that I might do service to God
§▶
Sam. also באד , באדי
🔍▶
✎▶
In the meaning "by means of" in Syriac this form is often replaced by the more recent ܒܐܝܕܝ or sg. ܒܐܝܕ, often but not necessarily in cases where the literal semantic context of "hand" is still somewhat present. Forms may also be alternated for literary effect, for an example of which see 1Mac7a1 2:7. Note, too, that in the targumim “by means of” never refers to inanimates.
See also s.v. bˀydˀ adv.
Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 31[295]DJPA: 92aDJBA: 524aDrower/Macuch: 59aPayne-Smith: 1547J. Payne-Smith: 42Tal Sam: 332DCPA[Schulthess]: 45[]DJA: 53aQumran: 99

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Wed, 04 Nov 2026 21:10:59 -0500