←
ˀbd (a/a) vb. to be lost
GDCGtDtQt
Gpəˁalto be lost, disappear4 senses▶
1
to be lost, disappear
Common Aramaic
BT Zev 110a(15)↗ חסרון כמאן דאווד דאמי‏ : a deficiency (in the incense) is as if it was lost ; TgPs41:6↗ אימתי ימות ויובד שמיה‏
(1)
p.p. : lost
Common Aramaic
CPA(le97) Is 11:12↗ ܘܝܟܢܫ ܠܐܒܝܕܝܐ ܕܝܣܪ̈ܐܝܠ‏ : and He shall gather the lost ones of Israel ; OS LkCur15:9↗ ܚܕܝܝܢ ܥܡܝ ܕܐܫܟܚܬ ܙܘܙܝ ܕܐܒܝܕ ܗܘܐ‏ : rejoice with me for I have found my coin that had been lost ; GregOr 13 15.4.19↗ ܠܗ݀ܘ ܕܐܒܝ݂ܕ ܒܥ݂ܝ‏ : he searches for the one who is lost
(2)
p.p. : someone who has lost something
PTA
TN Deut32:28↗ אומה אבידי עיצן‏ : a nation devoid of counsels
(3)
p.p. : fem. something lost: see s.v. ˀbydh
(4)
w. l_ + possessor : to lose something
Syr, JBA
P 1S9:20↗ ܐ̈ܬܢܐ ܕܐܒܕ ܠܟ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܗܐ ܬܠܬܐ ܝܘܡ̈ܝܢ‏ ; BT AZ 61a(20)↗ זמנין דאבדא ליה וסליק לעיוני בתרה‏ : sometimes he loses an animal, and he ascends (the date palm) to look for it
2
to perish
Common Aramaic
MT Jer 10:11↗ יֵאבַדוּ מֵאַרְעָא וּמִן־תְּחוֹת שְׁמַיָּא אֵלֶּה‏ : may they disappear from the earth and from beneath this heaven ; TN Num17:27↗ הא ספינן אשתיצינן כלן אבדנן‏ : look, we are finished, we are destroyed, we all have perished ; P Prov11:7↗ ܐܒܕ/ܐܥܒܕ/ ܣܒܪܗ‏ ; BT San 111a(37)↗ חבל על דאבדין ולא משתכחין‏ : woe for the ones who perish and are not found [i.e. who cannot be replaced]
(1)
to be transient, perishable
Common Aramaic
TAD B1.1 R13↗ כסף ש 2 תקל אבד ות[ק]ל קים‏ : two shekels of silver, a perishing shekel and a permanent shekel ; P Ps1:6↗ ܐܘܪܚܐ ܕܪ̈ܫܝܥܐ ܬܐܒܕ‏
(1)
אבד עלמא עלוי־ : to become weak or to faint
JBAg
3
to be deprived of (w. d.o. or mn; rare)
Gal, Syr
SYAP 65:3↗ וקשיה אבדתה די איבדתון‏ : hard is the loss you have suffered ; ES3 478:22 ܐܒܕܹܬ ܡܢ ܫܘܒܚܟ‏ : I have been deprived of your glory
4
to err, go astray
Syr
Kays 257:15↗ ܐܢܫ̈ܝܢ ܛܥܘ݁ ܘܐܒܕܘ ܡܢ ܫܪܪܐ‏ : our people have erred and strayed from the truth
Dpaˁˁelto destroy, ruin2 senses▶
1
to destroy, ruin
JLAtg, Gal, PTA, Sam, Syr, JBA, LJLA
TgO Lev19:23↗ תְלָת שְנִין יְהֵי לְכוֹן מְרַחַק לְאַבָדָא לָא יִתאְכִיל‏ : three years it should be removed for destroying, it may not be eaten ; TgJ Jer23:1↗ פַרנָסַיָא דִמאַבְדִין וֻמבַדְרִין יָת עַם דְאִתקְרִי שְמִי עֲלוֹהִי‏ : the leaders who destroy and scatter the people upon whom My name is called ; BR 1096:3(1)↗ אבדתון גברה‏ : you have destroyed her husband (=EchRB 55:7) ; TN Deut22:9↗ דלא תאבדון מליתה דזרעא‏ : that you not destroy the complete sowing ; SamTgJ Deut28:63↗ למאבדה יתכון ולמשיצעה יתכון‏ ; EphNis 29:20.1↗ ܩܝ̈ܛܐ ܗܘܘ ܣܬ̈ܘܐ | ܘܐܒܕܘ ܠܛܘ̈ܟܣܐ‏ : summers became winters and destroyed the natural orders ; IshDan 132(5)↗ ܘܠܐ ܡܘܕܥ ܠܐܢܫ܃ ܕܠܐ ܡܐܒܕ ܥܘܗܕܢܗܘܢ‏ : which he should not reveal to anyone lest he destroy their memory ; BT Git 57b(17)↗ ניח׳ לך דאבדינהו לכולהו‏ ; PJ Lev19:23↗ תלת שנין יהי לכון מרחק לאבדא לא יתאכל‏ : it must be put away to destroy for three years and not eaten
(1)
+šm: to annihilate one's family line
OA
Sf.2.b7↗ wlḥbzthm wlˀbdt ˀšmhm
2
to lose something
Gal, JBA
VR 56:1(1)↗ מאבד! דיליה ודלא דיליה‏ : he loses his own (money) and that of others ; BT San 113a(59)↗ גברא דטרקיה לגליה ואבדיה למפתחיה‏ : a man who locked his door and lost its key
Cˀafˁelto destroy, to ruin4 senses▶
1
to destroy, to ruin
BADan, JLAtg, Gal, PTA, CPA, Syr, LJLA
Dan 2:12↗ וַאֲמַר לְהוֹבָדָה לְכֹל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל‏ ; TgJ Ez32:13↗ וְאוֹבֵיד יָת כָל בְעִירַה‏ ; SYAP 26:13↗ ובעא למובדא עיקריה ונטורא נטריה‏ : he sought to destroy his genetic line, but the Preserver preserved him ; TN Gen6:3↗ דר׳ דמבולא למובדה ולמישיציה מן גוא עלמא‏ : to destroy and finish off the generation of the flood from the world ; CPA Luke17:27↗ ‍[‍ܘܐ‍]‍^ܬ^ܐ ܛܘܦܢܐ ܘܐܘܒܕ ܠܟܘܠܗܘܢ‏ : the flood came and destroyed them all ; P Mt10:39↗ ܘܡܲܢ ܕ݁ܢܲܘܒܸ݁ܕ݂ ܢܲܦ݂ܫܸܗ‏ ; PJ Gen4:23↗ לא עולימא חבילית דבגיניה יהובדון זרעי‏ : did I not destroy the lad on whose account they will destroy my descendants?
(1)
to eliminate
JLAtg, PTA, Syr, LJLA
TgO Lev23:30↗ ואוֹבֵיד יָת אְנָשָא הַהוּא מִגוֹ עַמֵיה‏ ; FTP Gen49:22↗ חיזו עיניא והרהור ליבא הינון מובדין בר נשא מן גו עלמא‏ : visions and thoughts eliminate humans from the world ; P Gn18:23↗ ܡܘܒܕ ܐܢܬ ܙܕܝܩ̈ܐ ܥܡ ܚ̈ܛܝܐ‏ ; PJ Deut9:3↗ ותתריכינון ותובדינון בסרהוביא‏ : you should drive them out and eliminate them right away
2
to lose (trans.), to let go of
Gal, Syr, JBA
PT Tan 66d(62) מאן דהוה מובד מילה‏ : anyone who lost anything ; IA1 4:v39 ܠܐ ܐܘܒܕܟ ܥܠ ܕܐܫܟܚܬܢ݂ܝ܂ ܠܐ ܬܘܒܕܝܢܝ ܕܐܫܟܚܬܟ‏ : I shall not lose you since you have found me; do not lose me in that I have found you ; BT Šab 152a(10)↗ אדלא אובדן בחישנא‏ : before I have lost something (for good) I search for it
(1)
to forfeit
Gal
PTSot 19.a:30[2]↗ והיא תבעה פורנה ומובדה מזונה‏ : then she should demand her ketubbah while forfeiting her sustenance
(2)
to give up something
Gal
BR 770:7(1)↗ חס ושלום לית אנה מובד סוברי מן בריי‏ : God forbid that I should ever lose hope in my creator
3
to be destroyed, to be killed (i.e. = C passive !)
BADan, LJLA
Dan 2:18↗ דִּי לָא יְהֹבְדוּן דָנִיֵּאל וְחַבְרוֹהִי עִם־שְׁאָר חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל‏ : that Daniel and his colleagues not be killed [or: that they should not kill them!] along with the rest of Babylon's sages ; Dan 7:11↗ קְטִילַת חֵיוְתָא וְהוּבַד גִּשְׁמַה‏ : the animal was killed and its body destroyed ; TgJob4:20↗ לעלמא יהובדון"ייבדון‏
4
to lead astray
Syr
ChrPsD2 253:4↗ ܐܢ ܐܢܫ ܨܒܐ ܂܂܂ ܠܐ ܡܘܒܕ‏ : if a person wants ... he would not be led astray
Gtˀeṯpəˁelto be lost1 sense▶
to be lost
Gal, Sam, JBA, JBAg, LJLA
VREd 796:3 אין מתאבדין אנא אשלם‏ ; Marqe 3.856↗ text not cited ; BT Qid 13a(11)↗ אי שדינא בהו ומתאבדו מיחייבנא בהו‏ : If I throw them down and they get lost I will be obligated for them ; TGAs28(1) 77.2.6↗ ואיתווד כל מה דהוה בידיהון‏ ; PJ Deut22:3↗ והכדין תעביד לכל אבידתא דאחוך די מתבדא מיניה‏ : such is what you should do to any loss of your brother's that goes lost from him
(1)
w. l_ + possessor : to lose
JBA
BT Ḥul 95b(39)↗ איתבד ליה כרכשא בי דני‏ : he lost a large intestine in the store room
Dtˀeṯpaˁˁalto perish1 sense▶
to perish
Sam
Marqe 3.866↗ text not cited
QtquadTאסתבד : to be lost (intentionally??)1 sense▶
אסתבד : to be lost (intentionally??)
JBAg
HP Sassoon(1) 131.31↗ ובתר כין איסתבד גיטא‏ : afterwards the geṭ was lost
§▶
CPA C: both ܐܘܒܕ and ܐܝܒܕ, with the latter prevailing in the participle, the former in other forms; Mand. both ABD and AUD
☛▶
🔍▶
✎▶
For Palm. see s.vv. brr and bry. The unique Quad t form is probably a scribal error.
LJLA C-stem forms regularly with initial heh, reflecting Biblical Aramaic in both form and meaning. Although manuscripts vary in this corpus, one gets the impression that the core LJLA texts (i.e., targums PsJon, Psalms, and Job) originally used the form with heh as a passive and without as active. Whether or not those authors vocalized the passive forms as הוּבַד as in Dan. 7:11 rather than הוֹבֵד is uncertain.
Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 2[1]DJPA: 32aDJBA: 73aJastrow: 3Drower/Macuch: 3a, 340aJ. Payne-Smith: 2Levy Ch-W: 1:3Tal Sam: 2aDNWSI: 4DCPA[Schulthess]: 2[1]DJA: 29aQumran: 1

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Thu, 12 Nov 2026 06:11:10 -0500