←
ˀpk (a/u) vb. to turn around
GDGt
Gpəˁalto turn back (intransitive)4 senses▶
1
to turn back (intransitive)
JLAtg, PTA, CPA, Sam, Man, LJLA
TgJ Jos7:8↗ לְמֵיפַך קֳדָם בַעְלֵי דְבָבֵיהוֹן‏ : to turn back before their enemies ; FTP Deut27:12↗ אפכו אפיהון לקבל טורא‏ : they turned towards the mountain
(1)
to move back and forth
JBA
BT AZ 31b(7)↗ דכיון דכולי עלמא אפכי מירתת‏ : since everyone is moving around (the wine barrels) he is apprehensive
(2)
+mn : to renege on
Man
2
to turn around, turn back (trans.)
PTA, CPA, JBAmb, JBA, LJLA
CPA Psalms12:2↗ ܥܕ ܡܬ݁ܝ ܬܝܦܘܟ ܐܦ̈ܝܟ ܡܢܝ‏ : how long will you turn your face away from me ; BT Bek 8b(19)↗ אפכיה לסנדליה קטלינהו לכולהו‏ : he turned around his sandal and killed all of them ; TgIIChron 29:6↗ ואחזרו אפיהון ממשכנא דייי ואפכו ליה קדל‏ : they turned their faces away from the Lord's tent and turned the back of the neck on him
(1)
to overturn and reverse
OfAEg, JBAmb, JBA, Man
TAD C1.1(Ahiqar) .156↗ יאפך אל פם אפכא‏ : god will pervert the speech of the perverter † ; JBABowl 43.1:1↗ אפיכין כל נידרי ולוטתא‏ : all oaths and curses are overturned ; BT Git 67b(31)↗ כל דאמינא להו מיפך אפכי‏ : everything I say to them they actually reverse it ; JohnBook 175:1 ↗ hzun ˁdilma tipkun miṣria iuma ḏtišanun rba kudka : beware, lest you move back boundaries when you displace the great marker ; MandAmulet 18:423 ↗ kul man ḏhazin raza nˁpuk uhlin mumata lkdib : anyone who overturns this spell and breaks these oaths ; Shapta D-Qashtina 237 ↗ kul daiua ḏhazin raza nipuk uhalin ˁumamata nikadib : any dev that overturns this spell and breaks these oaths
(1)
+שׁבועה : to shift an oath to someone
JBA
BT Ket 85a(30)↗ ידענא בה דחשידא אשבועתא אפכה רבא אשכנגדה‏ : know that she is suspect regarding an oath. PN shifted it over to her legal opponent ; BTŠvu 41a(4)↗ איכא בינייהו מיפך שבועה‏ : they differ between them as regards shifting an oath
(2)
p.p. see also s.v. ˀpyk adj.
(2)
to change things
JLAtg, JBA, LJLA
TgJ Mal2:11var.↗ אַפִיסוּ"אפכו" דְבֵית יְהוּדָה נַפשְהוֹן דַהֲוָת קַדִישָא קְֹדָם יוי‏ : † ; BT AZ 31b(7)↗ דכיון דכולי עלמא אפכי מירתת‏ : since everyone is changing (the wine vats), he is concerned ; TgPs30:12↗ אפכתא אייליי לחנגין‏ : you changed my laments into dances
3
to overthrow, destroy (land, city)
JBAmb, JBA
JBABowl 43.1:1↗ אפיכה אפיכה ארעה א‏ ; BT BM 86b(53)↗ מאן נינהו שלשה אנשים דאזל למיפך לסדום‏ : who are the "three men" who went to overthrow Sodom?
4
(pregnant woman) to be be in labor (?), to have fetal movement (?)
Man
MandAmulet 16:b34 ↗ hazin qmaha pugdama ḏˁnšia ḏapka ḏmiktib ˁl ṭasiia ḏanka : this amulet is a spell for travailing women that is written on tin lamellae ; Shapta D-Dahlulia 191 ↗ hazin baba ˁnta ḏapka lapka kdub uripa bhalṣa : this spell for a woman who travails and doesn't travail, write (it) and tie it upon her loins
Dpaˁˁelto pervert (speech)3 senses▶
1
to pervert (speech)
OfAEg, Man
TAD C1.1(Ahiqar) .156↗ יאפך אל פם אפכא‏ : god will pervert the speech of the perverter †
2
to reverse something
LJLA
TgEsth106:1↗ הוה מאפיך ית פצימי סיפרא ולא צבי למקרי‏ : the would reverse the panels of the text (i.e. upside down? flip over?) and not want to read it †
(1)
p.p. : מפך : turned back
LJLA
PJ Deut28:25↗ באורחא חד תיפקון לקדמותהון לסידרי קרבא ובשבעתי אורחן טעיין תהוון מפכין מן קדמיהון‏ : you shall go out to the battle lines one way and be turned back from confronting them on seven wrong ways †
3
to ruin, overturn
Man
Gtˀeṯpəˁelto change places3 senses▶
1
to change places
JBA
BT MQ 25a(45)↗ יומא חד איתפיכא ליה רצועה דתפילי‏ : one day the strap of his phylacteries got reversed
2
to be destroyed
JBAg
3
to be overturned
JBA, Man
BT MQ 25a(45)↗ יומא חד איתפיכא ליה רצועה דתפילי‏ : one day a phylactery strap became overturned for him ; Pashar Mihla 484 ↗ nitipkun unitisrun alahia umalakia : the gods and angels will be overturned and bound
§▶
In Samaritan a free variant of הפך by normal phonetic change; similarly but less frequently in CPA
☛▶
🔍▶
✎▶
Dialectal variant of hpk, the loss of initial /h/ in some dialects, at least, perhaps influenced by the cognate Akkadian apāku. See also s.v. ˀpyk adj. There may be some lexical distinctions in between the two forms in some dialects.
Page refs. in other dictionaries: DJPA: 71aDJBA: 156aJastrow: 105Drower/Macuch: 31a, 355bPayne-Smith: 345Levy Ch-W: 1:53Tal Sam: 212DNWSI: 95DCPA[Schulthess]: 104[16]

© The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon ©
Thu, 05 Nov 2026 01:46:24 -0500