←
hpk (a/u) vb. to turn around/over
GDCGtDtCt
Gpəˁalto turn6 senses▶
1
to turn
Common Aramaic
(1)
to turn around, reverse
Common Aramaic
VR 744:1(1)↗ הפך לאחוריה‏ : he turned around behind him
(1)
(philos.) to reciprocate
Syr
JECategories 7:338↗ ܐܢ ܟܝܬ ܒܝܬܐܝܬ ܡܬܝܗ̈ܒܢ ܠܘܬ ܗܠܝܢ ܕܗ̈ܦܟܢ ܥܠܝܗܝܢ ܡܬܐܡܪ̈ܢ‏ : if they are properly proposed (i.e.: stated according to their property) they are said of those that reciprocate to them
(2)
to turn away
Common Aramaic
(3)
to cease acting
Syr
P Ps18:38↗ ܘܠܐ ܐܗܦܘܟ ܥܕܡܐ ܕܐܓܡܪ ܐܢܘܢ‏
2
to overturn
Common Aramaic
(1)
lit.
Common Aramaic
SYAP 24:9↗ הפכו פתורה ומנורתא ברגז וחימה‏ : they overturned the table and the menorah in anger and wrath ; JSBhom 75:73↗ ܟܹܐܦܵܐ ܪܲܒܬܵܐ ܗܦܲܟ ܡܸܢ ܒܹܪܵܐ ܘܲܐܫܩܼܝ ܥܵܢ̈ܵܐ‏ : he overturned the stone from the well and watered the sheep ; BT AZ 38a(33)↗ דאי לא הפיך ביה לא הוה בשיל‏ : if he had not turned it over it would not have been cooked ; TgJob28:9↗ הפך מן עיקריהון טוריא‏ : He overturned the mountains from their roots
(2)
fig.: to destroy
Common Aramaic
TgO Gen19:21↗ בְדִיל דְלָא לְמִהפְכִי יָת קַרתָא‏ : so that I do not destroy the city ; JulSok 179(86):4↗ ܕܗܦܟܐܢܐ ܠܗ݀ ܥܠ ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܗ݀‏ : that I am overturning on its inhabitants ; BT Šab 108b(23)↗ הפיכא סדום והפיכאן מילהא‏ : GN is overturned, and the statements about it are reversed
(1)
to commit a crime
Syr
3
to change to the opposite condition
Common Aramaic
(1)
trans.
Common Aramaic
Sf.1.c19↗ ˀhpk ṭbtˀ wˀšṁ [l]lḥyt : I shall change the good provisions and change them to bad ones [or pa'el?] ; TgO Deut23:6↗ וַהפַך יוי אֲלָהָך לָך יָת לְוָטִין לְבִרכָן‏ : the Lord your God changed curses into blessings ; TgJ Amos8:10↗ וְאַהפוֹך חַגֵיכוֹן לְאַבלָא‏ : I shall turn your celebrations into mourning ; TN Lev13:55↗ והא לא הפך מכתשה ית חזוה‏ : look how the lesion had not changed its appearance ; Marqe 2.290↗ מימו הפיך מן גונה טבה להדה גונה בישה‏ : its water turned from its good kind into this its bad kind ; P Ps66:6↗ ܕܗܦܟ ܝܡܐ ܠܝܒܫܐ‏ : who turned the sea into dry land ; BT Šab 112a(27)↗ דאי בעינא הפיכנא ליה מימין לשמאל‏ : for if I want I may change it from right to left ; PJ Num25:8↗ והפך איתתא מלרע וגברא מלעיל‏ : he inverted the woman from below and the man from above
(2)
intransitive
Common Aramaic
NarsJos 71:10 ܗܦܟ ܗܘܐ ܓܘܢܗ‏ : its color changed
(1)
as a co-verb: to act differently from originally intended
Syr
BHNom 211:3↗ ܡܐܢܗ ܢܗܦܘܟ ܢܸܣܲܒ݂‏ : he should take his item back ; AGnEx 7.18↗ ܘܗܦ݂ܟ ܙܟܝ ܘܐܘܪܒܗ݀ ܝܬܝܪ ܡܢܗ ܒܫܘܠܡܐ ܕܕܝܢܗ‏ : changing his mind he justified and elevated her more than himself at the conclusion of his case ; EphPar 4:1.4↗ ܗܦ݂ܟ ܣܡ ܠܗ ܬܚܘܡܐ | ܕܡܢ ܩܛܝܪ‏ : instead He installed a limit of force for him ; LG 21:9(2)↗ ܗܦܽܘܟܝ ܐܸܡܲܪܝ ܠܸܗ‏ : say to him instead
(3)
to be converted
Syr
Bhchr 304:4↗ ܡܠܟܐ ܕܗܘ̈ܢܝܐ ܓܘܝ̈ܐ ܕܠܐ ܗܦܟܘ ܠܛܝܝܘܬܐ‏ : the kind of the inner Huns that had not converted to Islam
(4)
w. b_ : to violate, renege on (oath, treaty)
Syr
Chrmin 19:5↗ ܡܐ ܕܥ݂ܠ ܗܦ݂ܟ ܒܩܝܡܗ‏ : when he entered he reneged on his oath ; IMac6:62↗ ܘܗܦܟ ܒܡܘ̈ܡܬܐ ܕܐܝܡܐ‏ : he violated the oaths he had sworn
4
to return, come back to an original state or position
Gal, Syr
SyrAhiq 4 356:12↗ ܙܠ ܐܘ ܐܚܝܩܪ ܠܒܢܐ ܘܓܪܘܥ ܘܐܫܝܓ ܘܗܦܘܟ ܠܒܝܬܟ‏ : go to the bathhouse, Ahiqar, and shave, wash, and go back home ; P Gn3:19↗ ܘܠܥܦܪܐ ܬܗܦܘܟ‏ : to the dust you shall return ; P Is60:5↗ ܡܛܠ ܕܗ݀ܦܟ ܠܟܝ ܥܘܬܪܗ ܕܝܡܐ‏ : because the sea's wealth is being restored to you
(1)
as a co-verb: to do something again
Syr
AGnEx 3.5↗ ܕܠܐ ܢܗܦܘܟ ܢܬܢܐ ܐܢܝܢ ܗܪܟܐ‏ : that we would not repeat them again here ; JulSok 143(68):6↗ ܘܢܗܦܘܟ ܢܒܢܐ ܒܢ̈ܦܩܬܐ ܣܓܝܐ̈ܬܐ‏ ; P Gn30:31↗ ܐܗܦܘܟ ܐܪܥܐ ܥܢܟ ܘܐܛܪ‏ ; P Num11:4↗ ܗܦܟܘ ܐܒܟܝܘ ܐܦ ܠܒܢ̈ܝ ܐܝܣܪܝܠ‏ ; P Jos5:2↗ ܘܗܦܘܟ ܓܙܘܪ‏ ; P Je37:8↗ ܢܗܦܟܘܢ ܟ̈ܠܕܝܐ݂ ܘܢܬܟ݁ܬܫܘܢ‏
(2)
ܠܘܵܬܸܗ : to return to one's senses
Syr
(3)
to be returned
Syr
P Gn43:12↗ ܘܟܣܦܐ ܕܗ݂ܦܟ‏
5
to trade or peddle
Palmyrene
Trf 2.2.57↗ mzbn]y nḥtyˀ dy hpkyn bmdytˀ yhn mwṭ mksˀ : itinerant clothing sellers in the city shall be (liable for) a variable tax
(1)
to handle
JBA
6
to pay back
Syr
(1)
to remunerate for
Syr
P 1S26:23↗ ܘܡܪܝܐ ܢܗܦܟ ܠܓܒܪܐ ܙܕܝܩܘܬܗ ܘܗܝܡܢܘܬܗ‏ : the Lord will pay the man back for his righteousness and faithfulness ; P 2Ch32:25↗ ܐܗܦܟܬ ܠܝ‏
Dpaˁˁelto turn around, turn back4 senses▶
1
to turn around, turn back
Gal, Syr
P Je16:15↗ ܘܐܗ݀ܦܟ ܐܢܘܢ ܠܐܪܥܗܘܢ‏ : I shall restore them to their land
(1)
to prevent
LJLA
TgJob37:12↗ והוא תוסקפתא מהפך בחכמתיה לאצלחא פלחי בארעא בעובדיהון‏ : with his wisdom he averts events in order to make the workers in the earth succeed in their tasks ; TgProv15:1↗ מילתא רכיכתא מהפכא חמתא‏ : a soft word prevents anger
(2)
to overturn, ruin
PTA, Syr
FTP Gen18:1↗ למהפכא סדום‏ ; JulSok 323(158):2↗ ܘܗܦܟܘ ܐܢܝܢ ܠܡܥܪ̈ܐ‏ : they ruined the caves
(3)
to reverse
JBA
(4)
w. _ : to curl (hair)
JBA
BT RH 26b(17)↗ אמתיה דר׳ דחזיתיה לההוא גברא דקא מהפך במזייה‏ : PN's maid who saw a certain man curing his hair
2
to examine carefully
JBA, LJLA
BT Pes 40a(38)↗ דאמר להו רבא להנהו מהפכי כיפי, כי מהפ^כ^יתו הפיכו לשום מצה‏ : for PN said to those who were checking the sheaves, "when you check them, check them for (being used for) maṣṣah ; TgIChron 19:3↗ למחקר ולהפכא ולאללא ית ארעא‏
3
to exchange words, respond
Syr, JBA
JSmem 6:469↗ ܙ݁ܕܩ ܗܘܐ ܠܗ݀ ܬܗ݀ܦܟܝ ܥܠܘܗܝ ܒܬܪ ܡܠܘ̈ܗܝ‏ : it would have been proper for her to respond to him after his words ; BT San 43a(42)↗ ותסברה ישוע הנצרי בר הפוכי ליה זכות הוה‏ : do you suppose that Jesus was one for whom there could have been an argument of innocence?
(1)
to be engaged in
Syr, JBA
Brock, Studies VIII(95):2 ܫܪܝ ܗܘܦܛ ܡܗܦܟ ܨܒܪ̈ܐ ܩܕܡ̈ܝܐ ܕܥܝܕܐ‏ : PN began to go over the customary previous inanities ; BT Ket 109b(20)↗ כי האי דידע להפוכי בזכותא דיתמי‏ : like one who knows how to argue in favor of orphans
(2)
w. _ : to deal with, negotiate about
JBA
BT Qid 59a(22)↗ רב גידל הוה מהפיך בההיא ארעא‏ : PN was negotiating over a certain piece of land
4
to lead a flock (like afel)
Syr
AphDem10.192:11↗ ܘܗܦܟ ܐܢܘܢ ܐܝܟ ܪܥܝܐ ܛܒܐ ܠܓܙܪܗ‏ : he lead them like a good shepherd does his flock
Cˀafˁelto turn around, reverse7 senses▶
1
to turn around, reverse
Syr
P Ps90:3↗ ܕܐܗܦܟܬܝܗܝ ܠܒܪܢܫܐ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܡܘܟܟܐ‏ : You turned the human around to lowness
(1)
to overthrow
Syr
ES1 474:34 ܠܟܘܪܣܝܐ ܕܡܠܟܝ̈ܗܘܢ ܐܗܦܟܘ‏
(2)
to vomit
Syr
BBah 733:23↗ ܟܠܒܐ ܚܘܪܡܟܢܐ ܂܂܂ ܐ݁ܟܠ ܘܡ݁ܗܦܟ ܘܐ݁ܟܠ ܗܦܟܬܗ‏ : a voracious dog ... he eats and vomits and eats his vomit
(3)
to change
Syr
P Je31:13↗ ܐܗܦܟ ܐܒܠܗܘܢ ܠܚܕܘܬܐ݂‏ ; P Neh13:2↗ ܘܐܗܦܟ ܐܠܗܢ ܠܘ̈ܛܬܗ ܠܒܘܪ̈ܟܬܐ‏ ; P Lk23:14↗ ܡܲܗܦܸ݁ܟ݂ ܥܲܡܟ݂ܘ݂ܢ‏ : he is perverting your people
2
to lead back, send back
Syr
AphDem10.191:5↗ ܡܗܦܟ ܠܓܙܪܗ‏ : he leads back his flock ; P 1K(1)13:18↗ ܕܐܗܦܟܝܗܝ ܥܡܟ ܠܒܝܬܐ‏ ; IshExod 13:17↗ ܐܗܦܟܗ݀ ܠܐܢܬܬܗ ܘܠܒܢ̈ܘܗܝ ܠܡܕܝܢ‏
(1)
to transport from one place to another
Syr
Maron 79:19 text not cited
(2)
to bring back to health
Syr
HippAp 6(11)↗ ܠܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܒܙܒܢܐ ܢܓܝܪܐ ܡܬܒܨܨܝܢ܂ ܡܬܝܢܐܝܬ ܙܕܩ ܠܡܗܦܟܘ‏ : those who have become emaciated over a long period of time, it is proper to restore them gradually
3
to avert, turn away, prevent use (a body part)
Syr, JBAmb, Man
IITim4:4↗ ܢܲܗܦ݁ܟ݂ܘ݂ܢ ܐܸܕ݁ܢܗܘ݂ܢ‏ ; IIIMac6:15↗ ܘܠܐ ܐܗܦܟܬ ܐܦܝ̈ܟ ܡܢܢ‏
4
to make something revert
Syr
P Ps90:3↗ ܕܐܗܦܟܬܝܗܝ ܠܒܪܢܫܐ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܡܘܟܟܐ‏ : you made man revert to humiliation
(1)
to restore, to repay
Syr
P Gn14:16↗ ܠܩܢܝܢܗ ܐܗܦܟ‏ : he restored his property
(2)
to return a purchase
Syr
BHNom 195:3↗ ܟܕ ܢܙܒܢ ܒܪܢܫܐ ܥܒܕܐ܃ ܘܢܐܡܪ܃ ܕܢܚܬܘܡ ܐܘ ܟܬܘܒ܃ ܐܢ ܠܘ ܗܟܢ ܗܘ܃ ܫܠܝܛ ܙܒܘܢܐ ܕܢܲܦܟ݂ܝܘܗܝ‏ : when a person sells a slave and says: "he is a baker" or "a writer;" if that is not so, the buyer has the right to return him
5
to respond, answer
Syr
AngelMary 17↗ ܕܽܘܡܵܪܲܐ ܗ̄ܘ ܒܸܟܝ ܐܸܢ ܡܲܗܦܟܲܬ ܕܬܲܫܪܼܝܢ ܣܒܲܪܬܵܐ ܕܲܐܝܬܼܝܬ‏ : it would be surprising of you if you responded that you would believe the news I have brought
(1)
to reply with (speech, words)
Syr
JulSok 101(47):9↗ ܘܒܢ̈ܬ ܩܠܐ̈ ܕܠܚܡܢ ܠܒ̈ܢܬ ܩ̈ܠܘܗܝ ܕܛܪܘܢܐ݂ ܐܗܦܟ ܠܗ‏ : he answered him words that were fitting for the tyrant’s words ; P 2Ch10:6↗ ܡܢܐ ܡ݁ܠܟܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܕܢܗܦܟ ܦܬܓܡܐ ܠܥܡܐ ܗܢܐ‏ : what do you advise us to reply to these people
(2)
to refute
Syr
P Job11:10↗ ܡܢܘ ܡܗܦܟ ܠܗ‏ : who might refute Him?
(3)
to argue, debate
Syr
Kays 178:4↗ ܠܝܬ ܣܟ ܠܡ݂ܬܦܠܓܘ݂܂ ܘܠܐ ܠܡܗܦܵܟܘ݂ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ‏ : there no reason at all to disagree or debate about them
6
to translate
Syr
BO2 264b:28 ܠܠܫܢܐ ܣܪܩܝܐ ܢܲܗܦܸܟ‏ : that he translate (the chronicle) into Arabic ; RödigerChrest<sup>3</sup> ܫܪܝ ܡܗܦܟ ܒܡܠܬܐ ܚܠܝܡܬܐ‏ : he began translating with excellent speech
7
to seduce, convert (religion)
Syr
Anthologie 13r:1↗ ܘܐܗܦ݂ܟܬܗ ܠܬܘܕܝܬܐ ܕܝܘ̈ܕܝܐ‏ : she converted him to the religion of the Jews
Gtˀeṯpəˁel to be overturned, suffer physical destruction5 senses▶
1
to be overturned, suffer physical destruction
JLAtg, PTA, CPA, Syr, JBA, LJLA
TgJ Jonah3:4↗ בְסוֹף אַרבְעִין יוֹמִין וְנִינְוֵה מִתהַפכָא‏ : at the end of forty days Nineveh will be overturned ; TN Deut29:22↗ היך מה דאתהפכת סדם ועמורה‏ : just as Sodom and Gomorrah were overturned ; AphDem5.80:11↗ ܘܐܬܗܦܟܬ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܡܕܝܢܬܗܘܢ‏ ; TgPs107:34↗ היך סדום דאתהפיכת מן בישות יתבין בה‏
2
to be changed
Qumran, JLAtg, PTA, Sam, Syr, JBA
4QEnc4..10↗ אתהפך והוא אנוש‏ : he changed and became a human ; TgO Ex7:15↗ חוּטרָא דְאִתהְפֵיך לְחִוֵי‏ : the staff that turned into a snake ; TN Ex14:5↗ ואתהפך לבה דפרעה‏ : Pharaoh's mind changed ; SamTgJ Ex7:15↗ ואטרה דאתפך לנחש‏ ; P Job38:14↗ ܢܬܗܦܟ ܐܝܟ ܛܝܢܐ ܓܘܫܡܗܘܢ‏ ; P Mt18:3↗ ܬܸ݁ܬ݂ܗܲܦ݂ܟ݁ܘ݂ܢ܂ ܘܬ݂ܸܗܘܘ݂ܢ ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܛܠܵܝܸܐ̈‏ : you should change and become like children ; IIMac8:5↗ ܐܬܗܦܟ ܗܘܐ ܓܝܪ ܪܘܓܙܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ‏ ; BT Git 67b(34)↗ עד דמהפכי מיא דבי מסותא והוו דמא‏ : until the bath water had changed and became blood
(1)
to turn oneself, change back
Syr, LJLA
P Ezra9:14↗ ܘܚܢܢ ܐܬܗܦܟܢ ܘܥܒܪܢ ܥܠ ܦܘܩ̈ܕܢܝܟ‏ ; P Lk17:31↗ ܢܸܬ݂ܗܦ݂ܸܟ݂ ܠܒ݂ܸܣܬ݁ܪܸܗ‏ ; PJ Gen25:21↗ ואתהפיך בגיניה דעתיה ממה דגזר עליה‏ : on account of him He changed (in) His opinion from that which He had decreed about him ; TgJob28:5↗ צינת תלגיה מתהפיך דכמת אשתא‏ : the cold of snow turning back into something like fire
(1)
to renege
OAEast
NTA.2:5↗ mn | ˁl | mn | ythpk | mnh | zhb | ˁl | brky | ˀšr | nnwh | yšm : whoever reneges against the other shall put an mina of gold on the knees of Assur of Nineveh
(2)
to be turned over (to), revert
Syr
P Lam5:2↗ ܝܪܬܘܬܢ ܐܬܗܦܟܬ ܠܢܘܟܪ̈ܝܐ‏ : our inheritance was turned over to foreigners
(2)
(argument) to be refuted
Syr
PO14 704:6 text not cited
3
to be set into motion
Syr, JBA
P 1S4:19↗ ܕܐܬܗܦܟܘ ܥܠܝܗ ܚ̈ܒܠܝܗ‏ : her labor pains were too much for her ; BT BB 73b(22)↗ חם גבה דכוורא ואיתהפיך‏ : the fish's back became hot and it started to move
(1)
fig.: to be emotionally moved
Syr
P 1K(1)3:26↗ ܕܐܬܗܦܟܘ ܪ̈ܚܡܝܗ ܥܠ ܒܪܗ‏
(2)
(place) to suffer an earthquake
Syr
ChronEdess 4:28↗ ܒܫܢܬ ܫܬܡܐܐ ܘܫܒܥܝ݂ܢ ܐܬܗܦܟܬ ܢܝܩܘܡܕܝܐ‏ : in 359 c.e. Nicomedia had an earthquake
4
to frequent, go around
JLAtg, Syr
TgJ Jud7:13↗ וְהָא חְרָר דִלחֵים סְעָרִין מִתהְפֵיך בְמַשרְיָת מִדיַנָאֵי‏ : here was a loaf of barley bread going around in the Midianite camps ; Kays 255:17↗ ܐܼܚܪ̈ܢܝܬܐ ܥܠ ܐܦ̈ܝܗ݀ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܥܡܢ ܘܒܝܢܬܢ ܡ݂ܬܗܦ̈ܟܢ‏ : others frequent the ground with us and among us ; P Baruch 3:38↗ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ ܐܬܓܠܝ݂ ܘܐܬܚܙܝ܂ ܘܒܝܬ ܒܢ̈ܝ ܐܢܫܐ ܐܬܗ݀ܦܟ‏ : it revealed itself and was seen on earth and frequented human society
(1)
to turn around
JLAtg
TgJ Jud20:41var.↗ וַאְנָש יִשׂרָאֵל אִתחְזַר"אִתהְפֵיך"‏ : the Israelite people had gone back
5
as co-verb: to be about to
Syr
P Jonah1:4↗ ܘܐܠܦܐ ܡܬܗܦܟܐ ܗܘܬ ܠܡܬܬܒܪܘ‏ : the boat was about to break up † 
Dtˀeṯpaˁˁalto be engaged in, be occupied with (usually w. b_)2 senses▶
1
to be engaged in, be occupied with (usually w. b_)
Syr
IICor1:12↗ ܘܲܒ݂ܛܲܝܒ݁ܘ݂ܬ݂ܵܐ ܕ݁ܲܐܠܵܗܵܐ ܐܸܬ݂ܗܲܦ݁ܲܟ݂ܢ ܒ݁ܥܵܠܡܵܐ‏ : by God's Grace we have engaged in the world ; IVMac11:5↗ ܒܢܡܘܣܗ ܫܒܝܚܐ ܡܬܗܦܟܝܢ ܚܢܢ‏ : we engage in His glorious law
(1)
to negotiate, trade
Gal, Syr
PTBQ 4.a:55[2]↗ ואנא הפך ומתהפך בדידי‏ : while I turn it over and trade with my own ; BHNom 278:5↗ ܐܚܒܪܢܢ܃ ܒܬܢܘܝ ܕܢܬܗܲܦܲܟ ܟܠܚܕ ܡܢܢ ܒܢܸܟܣܝ̈ ܟܢܬܗ‏ : we have become partners, in agreement that each of us may trade his colleague's property
(2)
to deal with, make use of
Syr
AphDem21.397:12↗ ܘܢܬܗܦܟ ܒܟܣܦܐ ܡܣܠܝܐ‏ ; TB 2:43.9↗ ܥܘܬܪܐ ܕܠܐ ܫܦܝܪ ܐܬܗܦܟ ܒܗ‏ : wealth he did not make use of properly
2
to turn oneself
JLAtg, Syr
TgO Gen3:24↗ חַרבָא דְמִתהַפכָא‏ : the sword that turns around ; P Ju7:13↗ ܟܘܟܐ ܕܠܚܡܐ ܕܣܥܪ̈ܐ ܡܬܗܦܟ ܒܡܫܪܝܬܐ ܕܡܕܝܢ‏ : a loaf of barley bread rolling around in the Midianite camp
(1)
to be agitated
Syr
Ctˀettafˁalto be repeated1 sense▶
to be repeated
Syr
HippAp 17(21)↗ ܐܬܬܗܦܟ ܐܬܬܣܝ݁ܡ ܗܢܐ ܐܘܦܪܝܣܡܘ ܒܫܘܠܡܗ ܕܟܬܒܐ‏
☛▶
🔍▶
✎▶
See note s.v. ˀpk.
For the usage of C and Ct with "face" see Saar, JSS 58(2013):241ff.
Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 349[179]DJPA: 167aDJBA: 388bJastrow: 361Drower/Macuch: 31a, 355bJ. Payne-Smith: 105Levy Ch-W: 1:203Tal Sam: 212DNWSI: 291Audo: 1:237DCPA[Schulthess]: 104[52]BarBahlul: 733:23DJA: 44bQumran: 65

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Thu, 05 Nov 2026 02:21:31 -0500