←
dyn, dynˀ (dīn, dīnā) n.m. judgment
1
court case
Common Aramaic
TAD B2.2 R.12↗ לא אכהל אגרנך דין ודבב‏ : I shall not be able to institute case or suit against you ; NabCvLet 2:.32↗ dy lˀ dyn wlˀ dbb wlˀ mwmˀ : with neither court case, lawsuit, nor oath ; BT Ket 19a(17)↗ זילו קיימו שטרייכו וחותו לדינא‏ : go and confirm your deeds and take it to court ; BT Ket 105b(50)↗ הוה פריס דינא דייתמי קמיה‏ : the case of the orphans was spread out before him (for judgment) ; PJ Gen3:14↗ ואייתי ייי אלקים תלתיהון לדינא‏
(1)
judges, the court
BADan, Syr
Dan 7:10↗ דִּינָא יְתִב וְסִפְרִין פְּתִיחוּ‏ : the court was seated and the books opened ; P 2S22:44↗ ܕܝܢܘܗ̈ܝ ܕܥܡܐ‏
2
judgment
Common Aramaic
P Mk12:40↗ ܗܸܢܘ݂ܢ ܢܩܲܒ݁ܠܘ݂ܢ ܕܼ݁ܝܢܵܐ ܝܲܬܼ݁ܝܪܵܐ‏ ; BT BQ 27b(37)↗ לא עביד איניש דינא לנפשיה‏ : a person may not render a (favorable) decision for himself [i.e. take the law into his own hands]
(1)
literal: holding to account
Common Aramaic
4QEng1.4.16↗ למעבד דין קשוט מן כול רשיעין‏ ; TgO Ex6:6↗ וְאִפרוֹק יָתְכוֹן בִדרָע מְרָמַם וֻבדִינִין רַברְבִין‏ ; TN Gen4:8↗ לית דין ולית דיין ולית עולם חורן‏ ; P Ex6:6↗ ܒܐܝܕܐ ܬܩܝܦܬܐ ܘܒܕܪܥܐ ܪܡܐ܂ ܘܒܕܝ݂̈ܢܐ݁ ܪ̈ܘܪܒܐ‏ : with great judgments
(1)
Final Judgment day
Common Aramaic
TN Gen4:7↗ ליום דינא רבה‏ ; PJ Gen3:19↗ ומן עפרא אנת עתיד למיקום למיתן דינא וחושבנא על כל מה דעבדת ביום דינא רבא‏ : on the Final Judgment day you will rise from the dust to give the accounting for all that you did
(2)
fig.: as in English: subjective evaluation
Syr
Ps-Nonn 225(23) ܐܝܟ ܕܝܢ݂ܐ ܕܝܢ ܕܝܠܝ‏ : and in my opinion
(3)
decree
Syr
P Sirach 43:10↗ ܒܡ̈ܠܝ ܩܕܝܫܐ ܢܩܘܡܘܢ ܐܝܟ ܕܝܢܗܘܢ܂ ܘܒܪܗܛܗܘܢ ܠܐ ܢܫܬܚܠܦܘܢ‏ : (the stars) are fixed according to their decree by the words of the Holy One and are not changed in their course
(4)
criterion
Syr
GalSimp 303:13 text not cited
(1)
step-by-step procedure
PTA
TN Gen40:13↗ כסדר דינא קדמיה‏ : the previous ordered procedure
(5)
דין וחושׁבן : accounting : see s.v. ḥwšbn n.m.
Gal, LJLA
3
justice, what is right
Common Aramaic
GenApoc 20.13↗ אנתה שליט למעבד בכולהון דין‏ : you are empowered to hold all of them to account ; AphDem2.25:13↗ ܕܢܥܒܕܘܢ ܙܕܝܩܘܬܐ ܘܕܝܢܐ‏ ; TgPs37:30↗ פומא דצדיקא רנין חוכמתא ולישניה ממללא דינא‏
(1)
law, judgment (originally, one based on a court case)
Jud, JLAtg, JBA, LJLA
XHev/Se 11.2↗ כדין משה ויהודא‏ : according to the law of Moses and Judah ; TgJ Mal3:22↗ לְאַלָפָא יָתְהוֹן קְיָימִין וְדִינִין‏ : to teach them statutes and judgments [MT: חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים] ; BT BM 82b(22)↗ האי כדיניה והאי כדיניה‏ : this one according to his law, that one according to his law
(1)
דינא הוא ד : the law is that, by right ... should
PTA, JBA, LJLA
FTP Gen18:17↗ דינא הוא דלא נהפוך יתה עד זמן די אודע יתיה‏ ; BT BB 45a(10)↗ ואתא גוי וקא אניס ליה מיניה דינא הוא דמפצי ליה‏ : a gentile came and was forcibly taking it from him: by right he should rescue it for him ; PJ Gen18:17↗ ומן דינא הוא דלא נעביד עד דנודע יתיה‏ : it is proper that we not act before we inform him
4
contest, competition
JLAtg, Syr, LJLA
TgJ Jer15:10↗ גְבַר דִין וַאֲנָש מַצוּ‏ : a litigious man and a quarrelsome person ; Ps-Nonn 248(23) ܕܝܢ݂ܐ ܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܠܡ ܡܛܠ ܫܘܦܪܐ ܕܦܪ̈ܚܬܐ‏ : once there was a contest over the beauty of the birds ; TgProv17:1↗ טבא הוא לחמא שרבתא ושליותא בה מן ביתא דמלי דבחי דדינא‏ : dry bread with tranquility is better than a house full of contested slaughterings
(1)
debate, deliberation
Syr, JBA
TwoThieves 1↗ ܢܸܫܡܲܥ ܐܲܚ̈ܲܝ ܡܘ݁ܢ ܕܵܐܡܪܼܝܢ ܒܕܼܝܢܵܐ ܕܬܸܗܪܵܐ ܕܒܸܗ ܩܵܝܡܼܝܢ‏ : let us hear, brothers, what they are saying in the surprising debate in which they are engaged
(1)
exegetical debate
Gal
PTSan 25.c:58[2]↗ אע׳ג דנצחי ר׳ יעקב בר אבא בדינא‏ : even though PN defeated me in the debate
5
interpretation [Greek calque]
Syr
DnHex 2:26 ܡܫܟܚ ܐܢܬ ܠܡܚܘܝܘ ܠܝ ܚܙܘܐ ܐܝܢܐ ܕܚ݁ܙܝܬ܃ ܘܠܕܝܢ݂ܐ ܕܗܢܐ‏ : are you able to tell me the vision I saw and its interpretation [LXX: σύγκρισιν]?
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Given the strong possibility that Sumerian DI (presumably pronounced /di:n/) is the origin of this word, one should probably return to the view expressed in LS2 that Akkadian is the proximate origin of all West Semitic related forms. This, then, would be a quite ancient borrowing, of Late Bronze Age times along with such words as hykl, the antiquity demonstrated by the common Aramaic developments such as mdynh n.f.
Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 297[145]DJPA: 147aDJBA: 332bJastrow: 301Drower/Macuch: 108a, 100aJ. Payne-Smith: 90Levy Ch-W: 1:171Tal Sam: 173DNWSI: 254DCPA[Schulthess]: 86[43]DJA: 41aQumran: 53

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Fri, 06 Nov 2026 06:54:25 -0500