←
mlk (e[a]/u) vb. to rule; to advise; to promise
GDCGtDtCt
Gpəˁalto reign3 senses▶
1
to reign
Common (except: OfA, Syr)
Sf.1.b22↗ kl mlkyˀ zy ymlkn bˀrpd : all the kings who shall reign in Arpad ; 4Q246 .2.2↗ ימלכון על ארעא‏ ; TgO Gen36:31↗ וְאֵלִין מַלכַיָא דִמלַכוּ בארעא דַאֲדוֹם קְדָם דִימלוֹך מַלכָא לִבנֵי יִשרָאֵל‏ : these are the kings who reigned in the land of Edom before a king of the children of Israel would reign ; SYAP 8:12↗ בביתיה רבא ימלוך עלינא לעלמי‏ ; TN Gen36:38↗ ומית שאול ומלך בתרה בעל חנן בן עכבור‏ ; SamTgJ Gen36:31↗ ואלין מלכיה דמלכו בארע אדום‏ ; BT San 101b(15)↗ וסבר אנא הוא דמליכנא ולא ידע דבריה הוא דמליך‏ : he thought: "It is I who will reign." But he did not know that it was his son who would reign ; AM 234:13↗ malkia nimilkun ; PJ Gen37:8↗ הלממלך אנת מדמי עלנא‏ : do you envision ruling over us?
(1)
as head of an academy
JBA
BT Tan 21a(21)↗ עד דאתא אילפא מלך ר׳ יוחנן‏ : before PN1 came back PN2 had become headman
2
to advise, give counsel to
JLAtg, Sam, Syr, Man
TgJ Is19:11↗ חַכִימַיָא דְמַלכוּהִי לְפַרעֹה מֵילַך דְטָעוּ‏ : the sages who gave bad advice to Pharaoh ; TgJ Hab2:10↗ מְלֵיכתָא בַהתָא לְבֵיתָך‏ : [=MT יָעַצְתָּ בֹּשֶׁת לְבֵיתֶךָ] ; SamTgJ Ex18:19↗ כדו שמע בקלי אמלכנך‏ ; P 1K(1)1:12↗ ܗܫܐ ܬܝ ܐܡܠܟܟܝ ܡܠܟܐ‏ : come now and let me give you advice
(1)
to persuade
Sam, Syr, LJLA
SamTgJ Gen23:8↗ ומלכו לי בעפרון‏ : persuade PN on my behalf ; P Ex18:19↗ ܫܡ݂ܥ ܒܩܠܝ݂ ܘܐܡܠ݂ܟܟ‏ ; TgIIChron 25:16↗ איפשר לממלך למלכא‏ : is it possible to persuade the king?
3
to promise
OfAPer, Syr
TAD A6.15 .4↗ מלכו לי גברן 5‏ : they promised me 5 men ; P Je33:21↗ ܩܝܡܝ ܕܡ݁ܠܟܬ ܠܕܘܝܕ ܥܒܕܝ݂‏ : My covenant that I promised to My servant, David ; JSmem 13:38↗ ܐܪܥܐ ܕܡܠܝܟܐ ܠܝ‏ : the land that had been promised to me
Dpaˁˁelto advise2 senses▶
1
to advise
LJLA
TgIIChron 20:21↗ ומליך לעמא‏ : [MT וַיִּוָּעַץ אֶל־הָעָם]
(1)
to decide
Syr, LJLA
AphDem19.359:18↗ ܒܝܫܬܐ ܕܡ݁ܠܟܬ ܥܠܘܗܝ‏ : the evil I have determined against you ; TgIIChron 25:16↗ ידעית ארום מליך ייי לחבלותך‏ : I know that the Lord has decided to destroy you
2
ܡܸܢ : to excel
Syr
Geop 8:27↗ text not cited
Cˀafˁelto make king4 senses▶
1
to make king
OA, JLAtg, Gal, PTA, Syr, LJLA
Zak.a3↗ wqm ˁmy whmlkny bˁlšm[yn ˁl [ḥ]zrk : Belshamain stood by me and made me king over GN ; TgJ 1Sam11:15↗ וְאַמלִיכוּ תַמָן יָת שָאוּל קֳדָם יְיָ‏ ; TN Deut26:17↗ ית מימרה דייי אמלכתון עליכון‏ : you have made the Lord's memra king over you ; P Ju9:16↗ ܘܗܫܐ ܐܢ ܒܩܘܫܬܐ ܘܒܫܪܪܐ ܥܒܕܬܘܢ ܘܐܡܠܟܬܘܢ/ܕܐܡܠܟܬܘܢ/ ܠܐܒܝܡܠܟ‏ : now if you have acted honestly and/in that/ you made Abimelech king ; P 2Ch33:25↗ ܘܐܡܠܟܘ ܥܡܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ ܠܝܘܫܝܐ ܒܪܗ ܒܬܪܗ‏ ; TgIChron 11:10↗ לאמלכותיה הי כפתגמא דה׳ על ישראל‏ : to install him as king over Israel according to the Lord's word
(1)
to put in charge, appoint as head
JBAg
ISGF 34:18 אמלכון רבן לר׳ אפס‏ : the rabbis put PN in charge (of the academy)
2
to rule
Syr, Man
AphDem2.32:13↗ ܐܡܠܟ ܓܝܪ ܥܠܝܗܘܢ ܐܚܙ‏ ; Addai.29.22↗ ܢܝܪܐ ܕܚ݂ܛܝܬܐ ܕܡܡܠܟܐ ܥܠܝܟܘܢ‏ ; 1Esdras(3 Ezra) 1:20↗ ܒܫܢܬܐ ܕܬܡܢܥܣܪ̈ܐ ܟܕ ܡܡܠܟ ܗܘܐ ܝܘܫܝܐ‏ : in the eighteenth year of Josiah's being king
3
to advise
JLAtg, Syr, LJLA
TgJ Jud1:14var.↗ וֻמלַכתֵיה"ואמלכתיה" לְמִשאַל מִן אְבוּהָא‏ ; 1Esdras(3 Ezra) 8:26↗ ܩܕܡܘܗܝ ܕܡܠܟܐ ܘܕܗ݀ܢܘܢ ܕܥܡܗ ܡ݁ܡܠܟܝܢ‏ : [LXX ἐναντίον τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ τῶν συμβουλευόντων] ; PJ Num31:8↗ אמליכת מילכא בישא‏
4
fig. : to overwhelm, dominate
Syr
Caverne 12:1 ܟܕ ܐܡܠܟܬ݂ ܙܢܝܘܬܐ ܒܒ̈ܢܬ ܩ݁ܐܝܢ‏ : when harlotry was in control of Cain's daughters ; IAB 479:21 ܐܡܠܟ ܝܒܫܐ ܥܠ ܣܘܟܘ̈ܗܝ‏ : dryness overwhelmed its branches ; JulSok 23(8):3↗ ܘܐܡܠܟܬ ܗܘܬ ܠܗ ܥܠܘܗܝ ܛܒ ܟܪܝܘܬܐ ܥܠ ܚܣܝܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ‏ : grief totally had overwhelmed God's pious one
(1)
(of a visionary experience)
Syr
Am3 6 38:20↗ ܐܡܠܟ ܥܠܘܗܝ ܬܡܗܐ ܘܬܘܗܬܐ܃ ܘܐܬܚܘܝ ܠܗ ܥܡܘܕܐ ܕܢܘܪܐ‏ : wonder and astonishment overwhelmed him, and a pillar fire appeared to him
Gtˀeṯpəˁelto deliberate, to consult3 senses▶
1
to deliberate, to consult
JLAtg, Gal, CPA, Syr, JBA, Man, LJLA
TgJ 1K12:6↗ וְאִתמְלֵיך מַלכָא רְחַבעָם יָת סָבַיָא‏ : king RN consulted with the elders ; PTDem 21.d:61[2]↗ בתר תלתה יומין איתמלכון מחזרתה למרה‏ : after three days they decided to return it to its owner ; LSt.22:14↗ ܘܓܒܪܐ ܐܦܢ ܢܗܘܐ ܚܟܝܡ܂ ܣܢܝܩ ܕܢܬܡܠܟ ܒܐܚܪ̈ܢܐ‏ : even if a man be wise, he needs to consult with others ; BT BB 12b(16)↗ שדור זוגא דרבנן לגביה לאמלוכי ביה‏ : they sent a pair of scholars to him to consult with him ; TgIChron 27:34↗ וכד הוון צריכין למפק בקרבא מתמלכין באחיתפל‏ : when they had to go out to battle they would take counsel with PN
(1)
to decide after deliberation
Gal, Syr, JBA
SYAP 31:11↗ כל מלך ומלך דהווה מלך עליי ביש הווה מתמלך וגייז והלך‏ : every king who ruled me would decide to treat me badly and go on his way ; KwD<sup>2</sup> 44:13 ܐܬܡܠܟܘ ܕܢܐܙܠܘܢ ܠܦܠܢ ܐܬܪܐ‏ : they decided to travel to a certain place ; P 1S15:29↗ ܕܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܪ ܐܢܫܐ ܕܢܬܡܠܟ‏ : for He is not a human who might change his mind ; BT BB 17b(14)↗ כי היכי דאת אמלכת וחפרת אנא נמי ממלכנא וחפרנא‏ : just as you changed your mind and dug (pits in the field), so also shall I change my mind and dig
2
to be promised
Sam, Syr
Marqe 2.221↗ ותמלך בקשט‏ : you will be promised truthfully ; AphDem2.27:10↗ ܘܐܬܡܠܟܬ ܠܗ݀ ܥܒܕܘܬܐ ܥܠ ܙܪܥܗ ܕܐܒܪܗܡ‏ ; Gal3:16↗ ܠܲܐܒ݂ܪܵܗܵܡ ܕܸ݁ܝܢ ܐܸܬ݂ܡܠܸܟ݂ ܡܘ݂ܠܟ̇ܵܢܵܐ‏
3
to be given to rule
Syr, Man
EvXII 15:6 ܬܬܡܠܟ ܐܪܥܐ‏
Dtˀeṯpaˁˁalto deliberate (as a group)2 senses▶
1
to deliberate (as a group)
Syr, JBA
P Mt26:4↗ ܘܸܐܬ݂ܡܲܠܲܟ݂ܘ ܥܲܠ ܝܸܫܘ݂ܥ‏
2
to think over (i.e., to deliberate with oneself)
Syr
P Dan2:14↗ ܗܝܕܝܢ ܕܢܝܐܝܠ ܐܬܪܥܝ ܘܐܬܡܠܟ‏
Ctˀettafˁalto be made king2 senses▶
1
to be made king
Syr
BhGr 49:1 text not cited
2
to be ruled, dominated
Syr
PO8 292:10 ܡܦܠܓܐܝܬ ܥܕܡܐ ܠܫܘܠܡܐ ܡܬܬܡܠܟܝܢ ܗܘܘ‏ : (Israel and Judah) were ruled dividedly until the end
§▶
JLA, Man: e/u; Syr: a/u
☛▶
🔍▶
✎▶
Most lexicographers divide into two verbs between "rule" and "advise". We have here joined them as seems proper from an etymological perspective, but for searching purposes advanced users should also use mlk #2 vb. for "to advise".
NB: Syriac only uses the aphel in the sense of "to reign". We have here assumed that in most cases in Syriac, the Gt is used for a single person taking advice from (b, ˁm) others, while the Dt is used when the subject is the entire group; however, the modern vocalizers of the NT seem to prefer to use the DT in all instances.
Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 771[391]DJPA: 310aDJBA: 679bJastrow: 791Drower/Macuch: 273aJ. Payne-Smith: 277Levy Ch-W: 2:39Tal Sam: 471DNWSI: 633Audo: 2:60DCPA[Schulthess]: 228[112]BarBahlul: 1093Qumran: 140

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Tue, 10 Nov 2026 16:31:10 -0500