←
ptḥ (a/a) vb. to open
GDCGtDt
Gpəˁalto open4 senses▶
1
to open
Common Aramaic
Sf.3 a9↗ ptḥh ly ˀrḥˀ : the road must be open for me ; TAD B2.10 R.6↗ ומנעלא כוין פתיחן תמה‏ : with windows open there above ; Dan 7:10↗ דִּינָא יְתִב וְסִפְרִין פְּתִיחוּ‏ : the court was seated and the books opened ; PAT574:1.3↗ wˀnš lˀ yptḥ ˁlwhy gwmḥˀ dnh ˁd ˁlmˀ : no one should ever open this burial niche (revealing) him ; 4QEne4.1.17↗ והא חדרין פתיחו בגוא ארעא‏ : here were chambers that had been opened in the ground ; P Ju3:25↗ ܘܢܣܒܘ ܐܩ̈ܠܝܕܐ ܘܦܬܚܘ‏ ; P 2K4:35↗ ܘܦܬܚ ܛܠܝܐ ܥܝ̈ܢܘܗܝ‏ ; BT Šab 41a(25)↗ פתחו פומייכו‏ : open your mouths ; TGAs28(1) 25.1.14↗ ההוא גוי הוה ליה כוי דפתיחן‏ : a certain gentile who had open windows ; PJ Gen8:6↗ ופתח נח ית כוות תיבותא דעבד‏ : Noah opened the window of the ark that he made
(1)
to break bread
Man
ATS 1.2:990↗ ulatipihtun pihta ulatiklun : do not break bread and do not eat
2
fig.: to explain, solve
LJLA
TgPs49:5↗ אצלי למתלא אודני אשרי למפתח בכינורא אוחדתי‏ : I shall bend my ear to the parable, with my lyre begin to solve my riddle
(1)
to offer an initial(?) suggestion
Gal, JBA
PTSan 21.c:3[2]↗ כד הוה ידע זכו לבר נש בדינא ולא הוה ידע ליה הוה פתח ליה‏ : when he would see a person's merit in a case that (the person) did not know himself, he would make an initial suggestion ; BT Ned 22a(8)↗ לא פתחינן בהא‏ : we do not offer this as a suggestion to absolve a vow
3
to begin (especially a speech or text)
JBA
PTRH 58.b:4[2]↗ ר׳ חנינא פתח ר׳ יוחנן ור׳ שמעון בן לקיש חתמין‏ : PN began speaking. PN and PN concluded speaking ; BT Meg 6a(11)↗ כי נח נפשיה דר׳ זירא פתח עליה ההוא ספדנא‏ : when PN passed away, a certain eulogizer began (the eulogy) over him (as follows) ; BT San 49a(13)↗ אזל אשכחינהו דפתיח להו במסכתא‏ : he went and discovered that they had begun in the tractate ; BT San 65a(9)↗ משום דפתח ביה קרא‏ : because scripture begins with it
4
בדינא : to issue a summons (see also s.v. ptyḥ p.p.)
JBA
BT BQ 112b(23)↗ כגון דפתחו {{ב̇}}^ל^יה בדיניה, ושלחו ליה ולא בא‏ : as in the case where they issued him a summons in his case and sent it to him but he did not come
Dpaˁˁelto open (plur.)4 senses▶
1
to open (plur.)
JLAtg, Syr
TgJ Is45:1↗ לְפַתָחָא קְֹדָמוֹהִי דַשִין וְתַרעִין לָא יִתאַחְדוּן‏ ; P Jn10:21↗ ܥܲܝܢܸܐ̈ ܕ݁ܣܲܡܝܵܐ ܠܲܡܦ݂ܲܬ̇ܵܚܘ݂‏
2
to correct a physical flaw
Syr
(1)
to restore the sight
JLAtg, Syr, Man
TgJ Is42:7↗ לְפַתָחָא עֵינֵי בֵית יִשׂרָאֵל‏ ; JSmem 11:138↗ ܓܒܪܐ ܕܡܘܡܗ ܩܪܝ ܠܗ ܠܝܫܘܥ ܘܡ݁ܦܬܚ ܠܟ‏ : flawed person, call unto Jesus and he will restore your sight ; EphBread 13:12a↗ ܛܼܝܢܵܐ ܕܡܸܢ ܪܽܘܩܸܗ ܦܲܬܲܚ ܣܲܡܝܵܐ‏ : the mud that restored the sight of the blind man from His spit ; HG 2531↗ udakia girbania uapta ˁuiria : he cleansed the lepers and restored the sight of the blind
3
to explain
Syr
PO8 339:1 ܠܡ̈ܠܐ ܢܡܘ̈ܣܝܬܐ ܘܢܒ̈ܝܝܬܐ ܡܦ݁ܬܚܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܘܡܢ݁ܗܪܝܢ‏ : they were explaining and clarifying the words of the Law and the Prophets ; QACat 6 ܦܬܚ ܨܘܪܬܐ‏ : explain the passage
4
to propagate, expand reach
Syr
JohEphLES [585]:6↗ ܘܦ݁ܬܚ܂ ܘܪܘ݁ܚ ܟܠܗ݀ ܐܪܬܘܕܘܟܣܝܐ܂ ܘܥܒܕ ܟܗ̈ܢܐ ܘܡ݁ܠܝ ܛܟ̈ܣܐ‏ : expanding and widening all orthodoxy, he made priests and filled the ranks
Cˀafˁelto make open up2 senses▶
1
to make open up
Sam, JBA
BT Git 69a(39)↗ לאפתוחי‏ : to make it burst open
2
to widen, increase dimensions
Sam
SamTgJ Ex34:24↗ ואפתיח ית תחומך‏ : [Sam.Pent. והרחבתי את גבולך]
Gtˀeṯpəˁelto be opened2 senses▶
1
to be opened
Common Aramaic
4Q541 7.1:4↗ אדין יתפתחו[ן] ספרי חכמ[תא‏ ; TgJ Ez33:22↗ וְאִתפְתַח פוּמִי‏ ; Hom2 20.2:9↗ ܘܐܝ̈ܬܦܬܚܝ ܡܩܒܘܪ̈ܬܐ‏ : the tombs were opened ; P StDan(1)7:10 ↗ ܘܣ݂ܦܪ̈ܐ ܐܬܦܬܚܘ‏ ; HM(1) 87:(1)13↗ יתפתחון לי שערי חכמה ואהגי בהון‏ : the gates of wisdom will be opened for me that I may meditate in them
(1)
to originate
Syr
P Je1:14↗ ܡܢ ܓܪܒܝܐ ܬܬ݂ܦܬܚ ܒܝܫܬܐ‏ : the evil shall be started from the north
(2)
(city) to be relieved after a siege
Syr
ZM2 98:7 ܥܒܕܘ ܬܢܘܝ ܠܪ̈ܗܘܡܝܐ݂ ܕܢܫܢܘܢ ܡܢ ܡܕܝܢܬܐ܂ ܘܟܕ ܗܫܐ ܫܢܝܘ ܘܐܬܦܬܚܬ ܡܝܦܪܩܛ܂ ܘ ܗܦܟ ܚܝܠܐ ܕܪ̈ܗܘܡܝܐ‏ : they made an agreement with the Roman's that (the Persians) would withdraw from the city (because of the severe winter), but when they had now withdrawn and GN was released and the Roman army returned ...
(3)
(female animal) to lose one's virginity
JBA
BT Git 69b(32)↗ לייתי טחלא דציפרתא דלא {נ}<א>יפתח ̇ו̇ניטויה בתנורא‏ : he should bring the spleen of a she-goat that has not lost virginity and cook it in an oven
2
to open something for one's own benefit (?)
Nabatean
NabTomb 11:3↗ mn dy ytptḥ yth ˀw ynpq yth mn gwḥˀ hw lˁlmˀ : whoever opens it up (on him?) or takes him out of the niche forever
Dtˀeṯpaˁˁalto be opened (plur.)2 senses▶
1
to be opened (plur.)
JLAtg, Syr
TgJ Na3:13↗ אִתפַתָחָא יִתפַתְחוּן תַרעֵי אַרעִיך‏ ; P Gn7:11↗ ܘܢܣ̈ܟܐ ܕܫܡܝܐ ܐܬ݁ܦܬܚܘ‏ ; P Mt27:52↗ ܘܒ݂ܸܝܬ݂ܩܒ݂ܘ݂ܪܸ̈ܐ܂ ܐܸܬ݂ܦ݁ܲܬ݁ܲܚܘ‏
2
to have eyes or ears restored to functioning
Qumran, JLAtg, PTA, Gal, Syr
4QEne4.3.17↗ ועיניהון התפתח̇[ו‏ ; TgJ Is42:20↗ אִתפַתַחָא אֻדנְכוֹן וְלָא קַבֵילתוּן אֻלפָן‏ ; VR 508:3(1)↗ חמרתא דר׳ יניי אכלת עשב ואיסתמית ואכלת עשב ואיתפתחת‏ : PN's she-ass ate grass and became blind and ate grass and could see ; GT B Gen3:5↗ בּיוֹמָה דִּי ת[אכלון מנֶה יֶתְפַתְּחַן עַיְנֵיכוֹן‏ ; TN Gen3:7↗ ואיתפת<<חון>> עייני תריהון‏ ; P Lk24:31↗ ܘܡܸܚܕ݂ܵܐ ܐܸܬ݂ܦ݁ܲܬ݁ܲܚ ܥܲܝܢܲܝܗܘ݂ܢ‏
(1)
to have one's sight restored
Gal, Syr, Man
VR 508:5(1)↗ דין דהוה סמי איתפתח{ת}‏ : the one who had been blind had sight restored ; ESDom [XLII:6] 38:4 ܓܪ̈ܒܐ ܕܡܬܕܟܝܢ ܣܡ̈ܝܐ ܕܡܬܦܬܚܝܢ‏ : lepers who were being healed, blind whose sight was being restored ; ShPDm 723 ↗ ˁl ˁuira nitpata : (you shall fall) upon a blind man and he will regain his sight
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Gt and Dt forms are not easily disambiguated.
Note that G passive forms are particularly frequent in early texts.
Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 1265[616]DJPA: 454bDJBA: 946aJastrow: 1251Drower/Macuch: 366b, 383b, 384J. Payne-Smith: 470Levy Ch-W: 2:307Tal Sam: 715DNWSI: 948DCPA[Schulthess]: 344[165]DJA: 74bQumran: 196

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Thu, 05 Nov 2026 17:40:19 -0500