←
kd, kdy (kaḏ) conj. when
1
when
Common Aramaic
Sf.3 a24↗ wkzy ḥbzw ˀlhn byt [ˀby : and when the gods ruined my father's house ; TAD A3.8 R.6↗ וכזי אגרתא זא [ת]מטא עליך אל תקום‏ : when this letter reaches you do not stand still ; Dan 6:11↗ כְּדִי יְדַע דִּי־רְשִׁים כְּתָבָא‏ : when he knew that the writ had been inscribed ; GenApoc 2.12↗ וכדי חזת ב̇ת̇אנוש אנתתי די אשתני אנפי עלי‏ : when PN my wife saw that my demeanor had changed ; TgO Gen6:1↗ וַהֲוָה כַד שָרִיאוּ בְנֵי אֲנָשָא לְמִסגֵי עַל אַפֵי אַרעָא‏ ; TgJ Is33:1↗ כַד תֵיתֵי לְמִיבַז יִבְזוּנָך כַד תִלאֵי לְמֵינַס יֵינְסוּנָך‏ : when you come to plunder they will plunder you; when you come to rape they will rape you ; BT Šab 134a(28)↗ וכד חאים פומיה מאיץ‏ : (the infant) sucks when its mouth warms up
(1)
followed by ptcp. (or lˀ + ptcp.) : while (not) X-ing, being in a state
Common Aramaic
Dan 3:7↗ בֵּהּ־זִמְנָא כְּדִי שָׁמְעִין כָּל־עַמְמַיָּא קָל קַרְנָא‏ : at that moment, while all the people were hearing the sound of the horn ; TgO Ex5:13↗ כְמָא דַהוֵיתוֹן עָבְדִין כַד מִתיְהֵיב לְכוֹן תִבנָא‏ : as much as you were making when you were being given straw ; OS MkSin7:2↗ ܘܚܙܘ ܠܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ ܟܕ ܐܟܠܝܢ ܠܚܡܐ܂ ܟܕ ܠܐ ܡܫܓ̈ܢ ܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ‏ : they saw his disciples eating bread while their hands were not washed ; P Num24:2↗ ܘܚܙܐ ܠܐܝܣܪܝܠ ܟܕ ܫܪ̈ܝܢ ܫ̈ܒܛܝܢ ܫ̈ܒܛܝܢ‏ : and he saw Israel camping by tribes ; DeathSatan1 37↗ ܗܵܢ ܠܵܐ ܡܵܐܸܬ ܘܠܵܐ ܟܲܕ ܩܛܼܝܠ‏ : this one is not dead and has not been killed
(2)
+ܠܐ+ impf.: before one could
Syr
(3)
w. pron. suffix : still
Sam
SamTgJ Gen29:9↗ כדה ממלל עמון ורחל אתיה‏ : he was still speaking with them when Rachel was coming ; SamTgJ Ex(1)9:19(expand. v. 17)↗ כדך מדלס בעמי לדלא משלחתון‏ : you are still dealing falsely with my people so as not to release them
(4)
ܡܸܢ ܟܲܕ : after
Syr
ECmPal 3:22 text not cited
2
just as
OfAEg, Nabatean, Man
TAD A2.3 R.4↗ אל תצפי לה כדי תכלן תעבדן לה עבד אנה לה‏ : do not worry about him; I am treating him just as you could do ; TAD A3.5 V.6↗ חזי על עלימיא וביתי כזי תעבד לביתך‏ : look after my lads and my house just as you do to your house ; NabTomb 16:7↗ wmn dy lˀ yˁbd kdy ˁlˀ ktyb : whoever does not do just as is written above
(1)
as much as
OfAEg-inf, Jud, Man
TAD A2.3 R.5↗ כדי תכלן תעבדן לה עבד אנה לה‏ : I am doing for him as much as you are able to do for him ; 5/6Hev 7..:4↗ כלה כדי <כ>ת<י>בין אתריא בלחוד בש̇טרא דנה‏
(1)
inasmuch as
Palmyrene, Syr
PAT278:1.4↗ kdy ˀty lkˀ yt lgynyˀ zbnyn sgyˀn : inasmuch as he brought the legions here many times ; JohEphB 164:21 ܟܕ ܐܦܬܝܩܪܐ ܐ݂ܝܬܝܟ‏ : inasmuch as you are a warehouseman
(2)
as if
Man
GS 76:18↗ ˁdania ušaiia ušušia šaplia unapqia kḏ ḏlahun : the periods, hours, and seconds go by as if they were not
(3)
just as it is
Sam
(2)
כְדַחזֵי : as is proper
JLAtg, LJLA
TgJ Jer30:18↗ וֻבֵית מַקדְשָא כְדַחזֵי לֵיה יִשתַכלַל‏ : the Temple will be properly structurally completed ; TgJ Ez22:29↗ וֻלגִיוֹרָא אֲנַסוּ בְלָא כְדַחזֵי‏ : they oppressed the stranger without it being proper ; TgIIChron 30:15↗ כדחזי להון‏ : as is proper for them
3
as follows (before a quote)
OfAEg, OfASam
SamPap.3..7↗ ו̇יאמר כזי אנ[ה] יקים ליהוענני‏ : should I, PN1, say as follows to PN2
4
because
Sam
5
kdy < kd + hy : as it is
Nabatean
(1)
ܗܘܼ ܟܲܕ ܗܘܼ, ܗܝܼ ܟܕ ܗܝܼ : the very same
Syr
Philal 162:2↗ ܕܚܕ ܘܗ݂ܘ ܟܕ ܗ݂ܘ ܐܘܕܝܘ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܘܒܪܐ‏ : they acknowledged that Christ and the Son are one and the very same ; TB 1:13.71↗ ܗܝܝ ܟܕ ܗܝ݂ ܨܒܘܬܐ܂ ܘܗ݂ܘ ܟܕ ܗ݂ܘ ܫܡܐ ܠܘܬ ܐܠܗܐ ܛܒܐ‏ ; Ps-Clem Recogs 1.24:19↗ ܘܗܝ ܟܕ ܗܝ ܣܝܒܪܬܐ ܥܡܝ ܬܩܒܠ‏ : you should receive the same food along with me
(1)
w. prepositions+pronominal forms
Syr
IVMac13:19↗ ܒܗ݀ ܟܕ ܒ݁ܗ ܐܬܓܒܠܘ܂ ܘܡܢܗ ܟܕ ܡܢܗ ܕܕܡܐ ܪܒܘ‏ : they were formed in the same (mother) and grew in her same blood ; IshLevit 66:10↗ ܡܢܗ݀ ܟܕ ܡܢܗ݀ ܕܕܘܟܬܐ‏ : from the very same place
6
ܟܲܕ ܛܵܒ : although, even though
Syr
Kays 145:22↗ ܟܕ ܛܒ݁ ܕܐܠܘ ܚܵܝܸܐ ܗܘ݂ܐ ܒܪܢܫܐ ܐ݁ܠܦܸܐ ܫܢ̈ܝܢ‏ : even if the person were to live a thousand years ; JbEd BTr 359.1:10↗ ܟܕ ܛܒ ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ‍{‍ܗܘܘ‍}‍ ܦܫܝ̈ܛܐ ܒܟܝܢܗܘܢ ܐܟܡܐ ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܗܘܘ‏ : even though they are(!) simple in their nature just as they were ; JSBhom 61:264↗ ܘܟܲܕ ܛܵܒ ܐܸܬܲܝܬ ܠܐ ܪܸܓܫܸܬ ܒܵܟ‏ : even though You came I did not sense You
(1)
alone (in poetry)
Syr
JSBhom 61:31↗ ܘܟܽܠ ܣܵܗܕܽܘܬܸܗ ܕܪܵܚܡܐ ܒܨܼܝܪܐ ܗ̄ܝ ܟܲܕ ܫܲܪܼܝܪܐ ܗ̄ܝ܃‏ : all testimony of a friend is of minimal value even though it is true
(2)
ܥܲܠ ܟܲܕ : although
Syr
ESRef1 122:30 ܥܠ ܟܕ ܠܐ ܨܒܐ‏ : even though he does not wish
§▶
oldest kzy > kdy > kd, following development of dy alone; Syr. once ܕܐܟܕ‏; Mand. written k pluse the ligature for dy, here transcribed kḏ but occasionally just kid, ki
☛▶
🔍▶
✎▶
Can be used in any tense, normally but not necessarily in a preposed subordinate clause.
See also s.v. ky prep.
Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 599[318]DJPA: 250bDJBA: 552aJastrow: 612Drower/Macuch: 225bJ. Payne-Smith: 204Levy Ch-W: 1:353Tal Sam: 377DCPA[Schulthess]: 171[90]DJA: 56aQumran: 110

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Wed, 04 Nov 2026 17:52:13 -0500