←
ˁl (ˁal) prep. upon; against; to
1
upon, over, on to
Common Aramaic
(1)
lit.
Common Aramaic
AssOstr.12↗ b[lṭr] šmy ktb ˁl ydhẏhm : my name, BelEtir, is written on their arms ; TAD D7.9 5↗ יכתבוה על דרעה עלא מן כתבתא זי על דרעה‏ : they should write it on her arm above the inscription that is on her arm ; Ezra 5:15↗ וּבֵית אֱלָהָא יִתְבְּנֵא עַל־אַתְרֵהּ‏ : let the temple of God be built on its place ; PAT302:1.4↗ wˀšlṭh [šmš] [...] bˁmwdˀ dnh lmqmw ˁlwhy [ṣlm]yn trn : Shamash empowered him to erect two images on this column ; GenApoc 7.1↗ ארעא וכול די עליהא בימיא ובטוריא‏ : everything on it in the seas and the mountains ; TgO Gen6:17↗ הָא אֲנָא מֵיתֵי יָת טוֹפָנָא מַיָא עַל ארעא‏ : I am about to bring the flood of water over the earth ; OS MtSin23:35↗ ܕܡܐ ܟܘܠܗ ܕܙܕܝܩܐ ܕܐܬܐܫܕ ܥܠ ܐܪܥܐ‏ : (payment for) all the blood of the righteous that was spilled on the earth ; BT Ḥul 11a(19)↗ דילמ׳ דמנח גומרתא עליה וקלי ליה‏ : perhaps he will place a live coal on it [i.e. the skull bone] and char it (so that it splits open)
(2)
fig.:
Common Aramaic
Zak.a4↗ whmlkny | bˁlšm[yn ˁl [ḥ]zrk : Baalshamayin made me ruler over GN ; Dan 2:48↗ וְהַשְׁלְטֵהּ עַל כָּל־מְדִינַת בָּבֶל‏ ; 4Q246 .2.3↗ ימלכון על ארעא‏
2
against, over against
Common Aramaic
Zak.a4↗ whwḥd ˁly brhdd br ḥzˀl mlk ˀrm š[[̇̇] ˁšr mlkn : RN had made a coalition of s[even]teen kings against me ; Zak.a9↗ wšmw kl mlkyˀ ˀl mṣr ˁl ḥzr[k : all these kings had placed a siege over against GN ; TAD B3.1 R.18↗ ולא יכלון יקבלון עליך קדם סגן ודין‏ : they shall not be able to bring complaint against you to prefect or judge ; Ezra 4:19↗ קִרְיְתָא דָךְ מִן־יוֹמָת עָלְמָא עַל־מַלְכִין מִתְנַשְּׂאָה‏ : since forever that city has been rebelling against kings ; H 53:.1↗ bgn mrn ˁl mn dy lqrwhy lhd[y]n k̇ṫ[bˀ : our lord’s curse against whoever reads this inscription
(1)
by, over against (in measurements)
Gal, JBAg
PTSot 20.b:59[2]↗ חמשין על חמשין‏ : fifty by fifty (cubits) ; Anan 8:16↗ גדילתא דציצת גדלינן לה על ג׳‏ : we braid the braid of the fringes 3-fold ; Anan 9:8↗ איפינן ליה על תרין‏ : we fold it in two
(1)
see ˁl ḥd kmh wkmh
Gal
3
toward, to
Common Aramaic
TAD A2.2 R.7↗ וכעת שלחי על תבי ותושר לכי עמר מן קצתה זי כסף ש 1‏ : now then, write to PN that she should send you some wool from part of the 1 sheqel of silver ; Ezra 4:11↗ אִגַּרְתָּא דִּי שְׁלַחוּ עֲלוֹהִי עַל־אַרְתַּחְשַׁשְׂתְּא מַלְכָּא‏ : the letter that they sent to king Artaxerxes ; PAT524:1.2↗ dy hw mˁl bbˀ ˁl ymynˀ : which is above the door on the right
(1)
next to, alongside, at
Common Aramaic
Antyllus 2:7 ܘܲܬܒܲܫܸܠ ܥܕܲܡܵܐ ܕܩܵܐܸ݁ܡ ܥܲܠ ܚܘ݂ܡܫܐ‏ : boil it until it stops (shrinking) at a fifth (of the original size) ; BT Šab 31b(39)↗ כדדרש ההוא גלילאה עליה דרב חסדא‏ : as a certain Galilean expounded in the presence of PN ; BT Ker 6a(10)↗ על נהרא דמיא‏ : alongside a river of (running) water
(1)
together with
Common Aramaic
NabCvLet 3:.24↗ ġnt tmṙẏˀ̇ ... dy bm[ḥw]z ˁ̇gltyn ˁl šq̇ẏˀ̇ wˁnyṁẏh : the palm garden which is in GN along with the irrigation rights/ditches and watering periods ; TgO Deut22:6↗ לָא תִיסַב אִימָא עַל בְנַיָא‏ ; TgJ Hos10:14↗ אֵם עַל בְנִין קַטֵילַת‏ : [MT אֵם עַל־בָּנִים רֻטָּשָׁה], (i.e. read קְטִילַת)
(2)
during (time period = Greek ἐπί)
Palmyrene, Nabatean, Hatran, Jud
5/6Hev 7..:1↗ על הפטית ליקיס קטוליס סורס תנינותא‏ : during the second consulship of PN
(3)
in addition to
Syr, JBA
P Sirach 26:15↗ ܛܝܒܘܬܐ ܥܠ ܛܝܒܘܬܐ ܐܢܬܬܐ ܒܗܘܬܢܝܬܐ‏ : a chaste wife is grace upon grace ; BT Ket 44a(2)↗ אוסיף לה מאה אמאתי‏ : I will add a hundred to the two hundred
(4)
in the presence of
JBA
BT Šab 31b(39)↗ כדדרש ההוא גלילאה עליה דרב חסדא‏ : as that Galilean expounded in the presence of PN
4
about, concerning
Common Aramaic
TAD A5.2R.9↗ ודינא על דנה כעשק אל יתעבד לי‏ : no lawsuit for wrongdoing may be taken against me concerning this ; Ezra 4:8↗ כְּתַבוּ אִגְּרָה חֲדָה עַל־יְרוּשְׁלֶם‏ : they wrote a certain letter concerning Jerusalem ; TgJ Jer1:12↗ אֲרֵי מוֹחֵי אֲנָא עַל פִתגָמִי לְמַעבְדֵיה‏ : for I am hurrying concerning My word, to do it ; BT Ḥul 107a(2)↗ משו ידייכו בצפרא ומתנו עליהו כולי יומא‏ : wash your hands in the morning and stipulate concerning them for the whole day ; PJ Gen26:21 ↗ וחפסו ביר אוחרי נצו אוף עלה‏ : they dug another well and quarreled about it as well
(1)
for, on behalf of
BAEzra, Palmyrene, Hatran, ParthMidAr
Ezra 6:17↗ וְהַקְרִבוּ לַחֲנֻכַּת בֵּית־אֱלָהָא דְנָה ٠٠٠ עַל־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל‏ : they sacrificed at the dedication of this God's temple … for the benefit of all Israel ; PAT247:1.2↗ ˁl ḥywhy wḥyˀ bnwhy : for his and his sons' long life ; H 408:.6↗ wˁl ḥyˀ bny ddh kwlhwn
(2)
+šm : according to the name of
Syr, JBA
Kays 266:12↗ ܗ݀ܠܝܢ ܫܒܥܐ ܕܡܫ݂ܬܡܗܝܢ ܥܠ ܫܡ̈ܗܐ ܕܫܒܥܐ ܟܘܟ̈ܒܐ‏ : those seven that are named according to the names of the seven planets ; BT Ned 31a(18)↗ כיון דאתקדש אברה׳ אתקרו על שמי׳‏ : since Abraham was sanctified they were called by his name
(1)
על ד : according to the opinion of
Gal
PTSan 27.b:15[2]↗ כמה דאישתאלת על דר׳ יוסי כך אשתאלת על דר׳ ישמעאל‏ : whatever is asked about PN1's opinion the same may be asked concerning PN2's opinion
(3)
w. pronominal suffixes : woe upon me, you etc.
Man
(4)
because of
BAEzra, Qumran, JLAtg, Syr
Ezra 4:15↗ עַל־דְּנָה קִרְיְתָא דָךְ הָחָרְבַת‏ : because of this that city was destroyed ; 11QtgJob 33.8=39:26↗ על מאמרך יתגב̇[ה] נ̇ש̇[רא‏ : does the vulture fly high at your command? ; TgJ Jer33:5↗ וֻדְסַלֵיקִית שְכִינְתִי מִקַרתָא הָדָא עַל כָל בִישָתְהוֹן‏ : that I removed My Presence from this city because of all of its wickedness ; JSBhom 125:970↗ ܘܥܲܠܗܵܝ ܚܲܘܝܸܗ ܐܲܝܟ ܒܲܪܢܵܫܵܐ ܠܲܢܒܼܝܽܘܬܵܐ‏ : because of this He showed Him like a man to prophecy
(5)
using, by means of (?)
JBA
BT AZ 72b(32)↗ כולה חמרא אגושתא ובת גושתא גריר‏ : all the wine is drawn out by means of the siphon and small siphon
(1)
with (as an alternative to b_ in adverbial constructions)
CPA
CPA Is14:30↗ ܥܠ ܫܝܠܡ ܐܝܬܢܝ̈ܚܘ‏ : they will rest in peace [LXX ἐπὶ εἰρήνης ἀναπαύσονται]
5
of obligation: owed by, responsible for
OAEast, OfAGen, PTA, Sam, Syr
AECT.50 1.3↗ ksp zy blšy ˁl blzr brbˁh yrbḣ : silver of PN1 owed by PN2; it will increase by its quarter ; TN Gen27:13↗ עלי אינון לווטך‏ ; SamTgJ Gen27:13↗ עלי קללתך ברי‏ : your curse will be against me my son ; BHNom 357:3↗ ܐܲܓܲܪ ܒܝܬܐ ܕܝܢ ܕܒܗ ܥܡ݁ܪ ܬܲܓܪܐ ܥܡ ܢܸܟ̈ܣܝ ܬܐܓܘܪܬܐ܃ ܥܠܘܗܝ ܗܘ‏ : the rent of the house in which the merchant lives with the trade merchandise is owed by him
(1)
w. infinitive : to be obligated to ...
JLAtg
TgJ Jer8:12↗ עֲלֵיהוֹן לְמִבהַת אֲרֵי תוֹעֵבָא עֲבַדוּ‏ : they must be shamed for they have done abomination
6
governing the indirect obj. of verbal ideas in each of the various meanings
Common Aramaic
Ezra 5:17↗ וּכְעַן הֵן עַל־מַלְכָּא טָב‏ : now then if it pleases the king ; GenApoc 2.2↗ ולבי עלי משתני על עולימא דנא‏ : my heart is changing for me about this lad ; IVMac15:1↗ ܐܘ ܫܪܪܐ ܕܐܬܪܚ݂ܡܬ ܥܠ ܐܡܐ ܡܢ ܒܢ̈ܝܐ‏ : oh truth that was more beloved than children for the mother
7
as the first element of compound prepositions, conjunctions, and adverbs
Common Aramaic
(1)
prepositions
Common Aramaic
(2)
conjunctions
Common Aramaic
(3)
adverbs
Common Aramaic
§▶
With plural type pronominal suffixes.In JBA before nominals as an independent word: prothetic א_ with doubling of the following consonant, but spelled in full with the lamadh when with pronominal suffixes.
☛▶
🔍▶
✎▶
The meaning "to" is frequent as a replacement for older אל in early texts. Later, it seems primarily to be used instead of l_ or lwt in certain combinations of subjects, verbs, and indirect objects. More research is needed.
Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 1099[526]DJPA: 406bDJBA: 862aJastrow: 1080Drower/Macuch: 349Payne-Smith: 2886J. Payne-Smith: 413Levy Ch-W: 2:216Tal Sam: 635DNWSI: 844DCPA[Schulthess]: 307[145]BarBahlul: 1438:10DJA: 70aQumran: 177

© The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon ©
Wed, 04 Nov 2026 23:57:05 -0500