←
lˀ (lā) adv. no, not
1
no! (as interj.)
Common Aramaic
TgO Num22:30↗ וַאֲמַר לָא‏ ; Am5 80:7↗ ܒܐܝܢ ܘܠܐ‏ : by yes and no! (an oath formulation) ; P Mt5:37↗ ܬܸ݁ܗܘܸܐ ܡܸܠܲܬ݂ܟ݂ܘ݂ܢ܃ ܐܼܝܢ܂ ܐܼܝܢ܂ ܘܠܵܐ܂ ܠܵܐ‏ : let your word be yes, yes and no, no ; BT Šab 113a(25)↗ אין ולא ורפיא בידיה‏ : yes and no, and he was undecided concerning it
2
not (preceding and negating a predicate)
Common Aramaic
Sf.1.b25↗ wlykhl bry [l]yšlḥ yd bbr[k] : my son shall not be able to loose his hand against your son ; Nerab.2.4↗ bywm mtt pmy lˀtˀḥz mn mln : on the day I died my mouth was not closed off from words ; Decree.R.8↗ זי חזוהי ולא אחדוהי לא יחיון‏ : those who saw him and did not seize him shall not live ; MT Jer 10:11↗ אֱלָהַיָּא דִּי־שְׁמַיָּא וְאַרְקָא לָא עֲבַדוּ‏ : the gods who did not make Heaven and Earth
(1)
ܠܵܐ ܗܘܵܐ : it is not, is not (negating other than verbs)
Syr
OS MtCur4:4↗ ܟܬܝܒ ܗܘ ܕܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܠܚܡܐ ܒܠܚܘܕ ܚܝܐ ܒܪܢܫܐ‏ : it is written that a man does not live by bread alone ; Ps-Clem Recogs 1.24:3↗ ܘܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܒܥܠܬܐ ܕܫܪܝܪܬܐ ܡܕܡ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܡܥܝܢ ܘܒܥܐ‏ : and it is not the case that with the pretext of the truth he is looking for and seeking something else
(2)
with elided predicate
Common Aramaic
TgO Gen24:21↗ הֲאַצלַח יוי אוֹרחֵיה אִם לָא‏ : did the Lord make his trip succeed or not? ; TgO Gen27:21↗ הֲאַת דֵין בְרִי עֵשָׂו אִם לָא‏ ; TN Gen24:21↗ הא אן אצלח ייי אורחה או לא‏ ; JBABowl 3.1:5↗ ולא תיקטול ית בניהון ٠٠٠ לא בליליא ולא ביממא‏
(3)
(before volitives, replacing earlier ˀl)
Common (except: OA, OfA, BA)
PAT574:1.3↗ wˀnš lˀ yptḥ ˁlwhy gwmḥˀ dnh ˁd ˁlmˀ : let no one open up this niche forever ; TgO Ex20:19↗ וְלָא/ואל/ יִתמַלַל עִמַנָא‏
(4)
before second person imperfect as a prohibitive
Common Aramaic
Sf.1.b31↗ ltˀth bḥylk : you must not come with your army ; TAD B2.1 R.12↗ תרעא זך לא זילך הו ולא תנפק בשוקא זי בינין ובין בית פטעונית‏ : that gate is not yours and you must not go out (through it) into the street that is between us and PN's house ; GenApoc 11.17↗ ברם כול דם לא תאכלון‏ ; TgO Gen3:3↗ לָא תֵיכְלוּן מִנֵיה‏ ; TgO Ex20:5↗ לָא תִסגוֹד לְהוֹן וְלָא תִפלְחִינִין‏ ; JBABowl 3.1:4↗ משבענא עלך דלא תיקטול ית הדין ארדוי בר הורמיזדוך‏ ; ATS 1.1:78↗ latimrun širiata ltagaikun
(5)
dī lā, dlā : without : see s.v. dlˀ prep.
(1)
ܕܠܵܐ ܂܂܂ ܘܠܵܐ : without ... and without ...
Syr
EphFid 55:11.4↗ ܕܠܐ ܕܪܫ ܘܠܐ ܥܘܩܒ‏ : without debate and without investigation ; JSBhom 125:104↗ ܕܠܵܐ ܐܸܣܸ̈ܐ ܘܠܵܐ ܫܸܬܸܐܣܸ̈ܐ ܘܠܵܐ ܥܲܡܽܘ̈ܕܸܐ‏
(6)
negating an infinitive
TgO Gen3:11↗ הֲמִן אִילָנָא דְפַקֵידתָך בְדִיל דְלָא לְמֵיכַל מִנֵיה אֲכַלתָא‏ : did you eat from the tree that he ordered you not to eat from? ; GT A Exod22:16↗ דלא למֶתֶן יָתָה לֶה‏ ; TN Ex8:18↗ די לא למהווי תמן‏ ; PJ Num22:24↗ וקיימו דלא למיעיבר דין תחום דין לביש‏ : they agreed for one not to cross the other's boundary for something bad
(7)
l) ˀyt(y) there is not (for later forms see s.v. lyt, l)yty vb./adv. )
TAD B2.3 R.10↗ לא איתי לי בר וברה אחרנן‏ : I do not have another son or daughter
(8)
ܠܐ ܂܂܂ ܘܠܐ : neither ... nor
Syr
ITim2:12↗ ܠܲܐܢܼܬ݁ܬ݂ܵܐ ܓܸܝܪ ܠܡܲܠܵܦ݂ܘ݂ ܠܵܐ ܡܲܦܸ݁ܣ ܐܼܢܵܐ܃ ܘܠܵܐ ܠܡܲܡܪܵܚܘ݂ ܥܲܠ ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ‏ : for I do not allow a woman to teach nor to lord it over a man ; JSmem 10:185↗ ܠܐ ܐܠܗܐ ܘܠܐ ܢܡܘܣܐ‏ : neither God nor the Law
3
compounded with adjectives, nouns, abstracts, and adverbs ='un-', 'non', 'in-'
Syr, JBA
OS MtCur6:24↗ ܠܐ ܐܢܫ ܡܫܟܚ ܦܠܚ ܬܪ̈ܝܢ ܡ̈ܪܘܢ‏ : no one is able to serve two masters ; P Dt32:21↗ ܗܢܘܢ ܐܛܢܘܢܝ ܒܠܐ ܐܠܗ‏ : they made Me jealous with a non-god ; 1Esdras(3 Ezra) 8:67↗ ܘܡܫܘܬܦܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܪ̈ܝܫܢܐ ܩܕܡܝ̈ܐ ܘܪ̈ܘܪܒܢܐ ܒܠܐ ܢܡܘܣܝܘܬܐ ܗܕܐ‏ : the early leaders and nobles participated in this illegal activity ; BT Er 100b(41)↗ איהו נמי אסיר ליחודי בהדי איתתא דלא דידיה‏ : he also is forbidden to be together in one room with a woman who is not his
(1)
with agent nouns:
(1)
adjectives therefrom
PagPhil.216.26↗ ܢܘܗܪܐ ܠܐ ܡܝܘܬܐ ܗܘ‏ : it is an undying light
(1)
adverbs therefrom and other adverbs
IshPs 6(9)↗ ܩܒܠ ܝܕܥܬܐ ܚܬܝܬܬܐ ܠܐ ܡܬܕܪܟܢܐܝܬ‏ : he received precise knowledge in an incomprehensible way
(2)
abstracts therefrom
Rom11:30↗ ܗܵܫܵܐ ܐܸܬ݂ܚܢܸܢܬ݁ܘ݂ܢ ܡܸܛܽܠ ܠܵܐ ܡܸܬ݁ܛܦܼ݁ܝܣܵܢܘ݂ܬ݂ܗܘ݂ܢ‏ : now you have been pardoned because of their disobedience
(2)
other adjectives
TB 3:26.5↗ ܡܬܕܒܪܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܐܝܟ ܠܐ ܦܓܪ̈ܢܐ‏ : they were behaving like incorporeal beings
(3)
other abstract nouns (not ending in -ūṯā)
§▶
OA just l presumably always prefixed to the following word. Samaritan occasionally and Mandaic almost always the same. Early Egyptian OfA alternating lh and lˀ but elsewhere almost always with final aleph in the literary tradition and even so in Galilaean and Samaritan where other final long /a/ vowels are regularly rendered with heh.
☛▶
adjectives therefrom
adverbs therefrom and other adverbs
abstracts therefrom
other adjectives
other abstract nouns (not ending in -ūṯā)
🔍▶
✎▶
Note especially that Syriac ܠܐ ܗܘܐ "not" does not have a reference to past time.
Given that in the earliest texts simple "not" is prefixed to its verb, it is probable that the later common spelling with final aleph reflects the interjectional usage with a clear final glottal as often heard in Arabic. One might then distinguish lexically between original lā_ "not" and lāˀ" "no!" in Northwest Semitic.
The Syriac ܠܐ ܗܘܐ is replaced by ܠܘ in later texts, for which see s.v. lˀw, lw adv.
Page refs. in other dictionaries: LS2: 665[354]DJPA: 274aDJBA: 613aJastrow: 685Drower/Macuch: 227aPayne-Smith: 1869J. Payne-Smith: 233Levy Ch-W: 1:398Tal Sam: 421DNWSI: 558DISO: 133DJA: 59b

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Wed, 04 Nov 2026 17:03:05 -0500